黄素芳 阎旭东 董宝娣 刘震 岳明强 徐玉鹏

摘    要：以‘沧麦6005为试验材料，在旱地冬小麦春季追施水溶肥技术示范田（SR）和对照田（CK）进行调查取样，研究不同田块的产量、产量因素及肥料贡献率。结果表明：追施水溶肥技术示范田3年平均产量为5 119.15 kg·hm-2，显著高于对照田，比对照田平均增产17.55%。增产的主要原因在于增加了穗粒数和亩穗数，穗粒数和产量间呈极显著正相关关系，相关系数为0.840;穗数和产量间呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.666;追施水溶肥技术示范田穗粒数比CK 3年平均增加12.87%，穗数比CK 3年平均增加4.00%;追施水溶肥后肥料贡献率3年平均值为14.85%。

关键词：冬小麦;旱作;追施水溶肥;产量;肥料贡献率

中图分类号：S512.1+1         文献标识码：A          DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.03.003

Report on the Effect of Appling Water-soluble Fertilizer on Winter Wheat in Acid Land

HUANG Sufang1， YAN Xudong1， DONG Baodi2， LIU Zheng1， YUE Mingqing1， XU Yupeng1

（1.Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science， Cangzhou，Heibei 061001，China; 2.Center for Agricultural Resourses Research， Institute of Genetics and Development Biology， Chinese Academy of Sciences， Shijiazhuang， Hebei 061001，China）

Abstract： Using 'Cangmai 6005' as the experimental material， it was investigated and taken samples in control field（CK） and demonstration field （SR） applying water-soluble fertilizer technology on winter wheat in acid land. The yield， yield factors and fertilizer contribution rate were studied. The results showed that the three-year average yield of SR was 5 119.15 kg·hm-2， which was 17.55% significantly higher than that of CK. The grain number per spike and spike number were increased， so the yield was increased. There was a very significant correlation between grain number per spike and yield. the correlation coefficient was 0.840. There was a very significant correlation between spike number and yield. The correlation coefficient was 0.666. The three-year average grain number per spike of SR was increased by 12.87% over that of CK. The three-year average spike number of SR was increased by 4.00% over that of CK. The three-year average fertilizer contribution rate of SR was 14.85%.

Key words： winter wheat; dry farming; appling water-soluble fertilizer; yield; fertilizer contribution rate

環渤海低平原区淡水资源匮乏，人均和亩均水资源量不足全国平均水平的1/12和1/16，有20多万hm2耕地处于雨养旱作状态[1]。该区年降水量450～550 mm，80%的降水主要集中在7—9 月，冬春干旱现象严重[2-3]。传统旱地小麦产量低而不稳，一般为1 500～2 250 kg·hm-2[1-2]。该区传统的冬小麦种植技术一般于10月上旬播种，第二年6月中下旬收获[4-5]，生育期长、耗水量大，其生长需水与降水集中期严重错位[6-7]，主要耗水阶段（ 3—6 月） 的降水一般只占全年降水的20% ～ 30%，且蒸发量大，自然降水利用率低，其中仅有50%[7-8]。

土壤肥力不足，养分利用效率低是造成旱地小麦产量低的又一主要因素[9-10]。化肥对我国粮食单产增加的贡献率高达55%～57%[11]。小麦的生育期较长，对肥料的需求量大，生育后期容易缺肥。

由于该区域春季干旱严重，旱地又不能浇水，浇不上水则追不上肥，造成春季脱肥，而小麦春季返青起身期正值穗分化关键时期，直接影响其小穗数和穗粒数的分化与形成[12-13]，进而影响产量。……