杨利 张舒 马朝红 吕亮 刘华林 涂涛 董金梅 蒋先斌

摘    要：分析比较不同水稻品种（组合）的氮、磷养分利用特性，篩选氮、磷节约高产型水稻品种，旨在为不同品种（组合）种植时合理实现化肥减施、提高肥料利用率和保证粮食产量提供科学依据。通过田间试验，对湖北省水稻生产中常用的20个主栽品种（组合）进行了研究，试验对氮、磷二个因子分别设置高、中、低、和不施四个施肥水平，分别考察了各品种（组合）的氮肥、磷肥的偏生产力、农学利用率等。结果表明，在兼顾水稻产量与肥料利用率的同时，‘深两优5814、‘广两优476、‘杨两优6号、‘Y两优527、‘天优华占、‘c两优华粘、‘广两优香66等品种（组合）表现较好，属氮、磷高效利用品种（组合）。

关键词：水稻;氮磷高效利用;湖北省;品种筛选;象限分析

中图分类号： S511         文献标识码：A            DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.03.002

Research on Screening of Rice Cultivars with High Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency

YANG Li1，2，3， ZHANG Shu1， MA Chaohong1，3，4， LYU Liang1， LIU Hualin5， TU Tao6，DONG Jinmei7，JIANG Xianbin8

（1.Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Wuhan，Hubei 430064，China;2.Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Wuhan， Hubei 430064，China;3.Hubei Province Straw Agricultural Use Engineering and Technology Research Center， Wuhan， Hubei 430064，China;4. Qianjiang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment and Arable Land Conservation， Ministry of Agriculture， Qianjiang， Hubei 433110，China; 5.Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Xiaogan City， Xiaogan， Hubei 432000，China;6.Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Qianjiang City，Qianjiang，Hubei 433199，China;7. Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Xiaogan City，Xiaogan，Hubei 432000， China;8. The Agriculture Office of Houhu Farm in Qianjiang City， Qianjiang， Hubei 433115，China）

Abstract： In order to provide a scientific basis for rationally reducing the application rates of chemical fertilizers， increasing fertilizer utilization efficiency and ensuring food production， the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization characteristics of different rice varieties commonly cultivated in Hubei Province were analyzed， and the rice varieties with both high yield and high nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency were screened. 20 main rice varieties （combinations） commonly cultivated in Hubei Province were studied by field experiments. In the experiments， four fertilization levels including high， medium， low and control were set for nitrogen and phosphorus， the fertilizer partial productivity and agronomic utilization ratio of each variety were investigated. Taking account of both the rice yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency， 'Shenliangyou 5814'， 'Guangliangyou 476'， 'Yangliangyou 6'， 'Y Liangyou 527'，'Tianyou Huazhan'， 'c Liangyou Huanian'， 'Guangliangyouxiang 66' performed well， which can be identified as nitrogen and phosphorus efficient varieties （combinations）.

Key words： efficient use of nitrogen and phosphorus;Hubei Province;variety screening; quadrant analysis

水稻是我国最主要的粮食作物之一，产量约占谷物总产量的三分之一，其生长过程中，氮磷是需求量较大的营养元素[1-2]，合理施用氮、磷肥是保证水稻产量的重要技术措施[3-5]，过量施肥会造成生产成本增加、资源浪费，使得肥料利用率低[6]，而施肥不足则会导致水稻减产，影响粮食安全。目前我国稻田化肥尤其氮肥施用量高于世界平均水平，从而导致农业面源污染、水体富营养化等一系列农业环境问题[7-11]。

为了在减少化肥用量的同时保证水稻产量，研究不同施肥水平下水稻的农艺性状、以及不同水稻品种的氮磷利用效率，筛选肥料高效利用的水稻品种，可以为水稻品种选育、减肥增效提供参考。……