充权转向自助:青年返乡创业中的社会工作服务
2021-04-20伍娟田涛刘海丽
伍娟 田涛 刘海丽
摘要 返乡创业青年并不是传统意义上的“弱势群体”,其对于社会工作专业服务的获得感更多体现在主体性发挥而非传统救助。基于“差序格局”与“社会建设理论”,梳理青年返乡行为的两个解释框架——面向内生性动力机制和结构性鼓励机制后,通过农村社会工作服务的介入,围绕主体认同、文化融入、资产盘活、环境营造等内容,以金融增能之视角完成服务对象的“自助”能力培育,链接资源帮助返乡创业青年能够充分发挥主观能动性来应对创业过程中的金融风险,实现从“弱主动性”的“充权”走向“强主动性”的“自助”。
关键词 返乡创业;农村社会工作;充权;自助
Abstract Young people who return home to start a business are not a “vulnerable group” in the traditional sense. Their sense of acquisition of professional services for social work is more reflected in their subjectivity rather than traditional assistance. Based on the “differential pattern” and “social construction theory”, combing out the two interpretation frameworks of youths homecoming behavior-after facing the endogenous motivation mechanism and structural encouragement mechanism, through the intervention of rural social work services, centering on subject identity and culture Integration, asset revitalization, environment creation, etc., to complete the “self-help” ability cultivation of service targets from the perspective of financial empowerment, link resources to help return home entrepreneurs to give full play to their subjective initiative to deal with financial risks in the entrepreneurial process, and realize “weak initiative” “empowerment” moves toward “strong initiative” “self-help”.
Key words Returning home to start a business;Rural social work;Empowerment;Self-help
便捷的交通在“大工厂时代”和“大工地时代”到来时显示出了它的重要性:转移了大量的劳动力进城务工。然而,经济全球化的进程促使我国经济产业结构发生转变,尤其是进城务工并有一定的文化教育经历、能熟练运用网络媒介的“新生代农民工”成為遭受城市经济发展变化的首要群体;加之乡村振兴战略、乡村治理、关注“三农”问题等政策上的扶持以及“双创理念”的倡导,吸引了大量农村青年返乡创业。从“互联网+”时代到“区块链+”时代,大数据的兴起和农村电子商务等产销平台的兴盛,为返乡青年打造了天时、地利、人和的就(创)业背景。2018年11 月,国家发展和改革委员会出台了《湘南湘西承接产业转移示范区总体方案》,“示范区”包括湘南与湘西2个部分,其中怀化市位于湘西部分,该方案提出,在2035年示范区全面建成之时,引进150家以上的世界500强企业,产业迈向全球价值链中高端。……
