施用液体硅肥对小麦生长发育及产量的影响
2021-04-20张志伟魏秀华于海涛宋顺张桂珍刘亚男邢利庆
张志伟 魏秀华 于海涛 宋顺 张桂珍 刘亚男 邢利庆



摘 要:为探讨液体硅肥在小麦生长发育中的作用,以济麦229为试验材料,在浇水和不浇水2种条件下开展了液体硅肥喷施试验。结果表明:不论浇水与否,施用液体硅肥均可以增强小麦植株基部节间强度,增强抗倒伏能力,增加穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,显著提高产量,且干旱情况下提高比例更高。
关键词:硅肥;小麦;生长发育;产量;影响
中图分类号 S512.1;S143.7+1文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)06-0101-02
Effect of Liquid Silicon Fertilizer on Wheat Growth and Yield
ZHANG Zhiwei et al.
(Shandong Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261071, China)
Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of liquid silicon fertilizer on wheat growth and development, using Jimai 229 as the study object, the spraying test of liquid silicon fertilizer was conducted under two conditions of watering or no watering. The results showed that regardless of watering or not, spraying the liquid silicon fertilizer could enhance the basal internode strength, thus improving the lodging resistance. The panicle number, grain number and weight could also be increased, and the yield could be significantly improved,with a higher increasing proportion under drought conditions.
Key words: Silicon fertilizer; Wheat; Growth;Yield; Effect
硅是組成植物体的重要元素之一,广泛存在于各种植物中。施用硅肥不仅可以提高作物产量和品质,还可以增强植物体的抗胁迫能力[1]。施用硅肥能够增加小麦穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,显著提高产量,改善部分品质[2-4],提高基部节粗度、壁厚和抗折能力,增强抗病性、抗旱性和减少麦蚜发生量等[5-9]。但以往研究主要以基施硅肥为主,叶面喷施硅肥较少。随着科技的发展,液体硅肥逐渐增多。笔者选用一种新型液体硅肥在小麦上进行喷施试验,以期为液体硅肥在小麦上合理施用提供参考。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料 供试品种为济麦229,2019年10月播种机播种。供试肥料为络合态液体中性硅(SiO2≥280g/L)。
1.2 试验设计 试验设浇水(返青水、开花水)与不浇水2种浇水处理,喷施与不喷施2种喷肥处理。随机区组设计,3次重复,共12个小区。播种畦宽1.5m,畦内6行,行距20cm,小区长20m,小区面积30m2,处理间设1.5m隔离行。喷施处理在小麦拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期各喷施1次稀释1000倍的硅肥,不喷施处理在相同时期喷施等量清水。……
