王志纯

摘要 为了解闽北区域甜玉米品种的特性以及施肥方式对品种产量等多个性状的影响，采用二因素（品种×施肥处理）正交试验方法比较该区域2个主栽品种与1个后备品种产量及其相关性状方面的优缺点。结果表明，闽甜6855高产、稳产，种植风险小，可以在闽北地区扩大种植;金百甜10号具有高产优点，但是存在一定的种植风险，需选择好合适的种植季节;而后备品种金珍甜1号的产量等多个性状存在缺陷，因此不适合在闽北地区推广。相关分析及通径分析结果表明，优良的甜玉米品种不仅带苞叶产量要高，还要求其出穗率、出籽率性状指标也要高。施肥试验结果表明，复合肥等缓释肥有利于甜玉米的增产;有机肥替代无机化肥后产量未有显著差异，因此增施有机肥替代化肥的方式既改良土壤，又保障甜玉米产量。

关键词 甜玉米;品种;施肥方式;闽北地区

Abstract For the purpose of understanding the characteristics of sweet maize varieties in northern Fujian and the influence of fertilization methods on variety yield， two factors （variety × fertilization treatment） were used to compare the yield of two main varieties and one reserve variety in this area. The results showed that Mintian 6855 had high yield， stable yield and low planting risk， which could be expanded in northern Fujian. The results of correlation analysis and path analysis showed that the excellent sweet varieties not only had higher yield of bracts， but also required higher ear yield and seed yield. The results of fertilization test showed that the slow-release fertilizer such as compound fertilizer was beneficial to the increase of sweet corn yield， and the yield of organic fertilizer instead of inorganic fertilizer was not significantly different， so the way of applying organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer could not only improve the soil， but also guarantee the yield of sweet corn.

Key words Sweet corn;Variety;Fertilization methods;North Fujian

甜玉米食味口感佳、营养丰富，富含膳食纤维、VE、叶酸、VA等多种维生素和矿物质，是老少皆宜的健康食品。随着我国经济社会的迅猛发展和人们生活水平的不断提高，甜玉米的市场需求量越来越大，在国内和国际市场呈现出越来越大的市场空间和供不應求的态势，种植面积也不断扩大[1-3]。目前，我国甜玉米种植面积达33万hm2以上，甜玉米产业已成为我国效益农业发展的亮点，是新农村建设中的重要经济作物之一[4-5]。福建省闽北区域一直有种植甜玉米的传统，也是福建省主要的鲜食甜玉米产区。……