李文元 蔡晓朦 顾桂芳

摘 要：建立开放式创新生态系统是企业应对激烈竞争的有效举措，信任则是开放式创新生态系统建立的基石。文中基于过程理论，探索开放式创新生态系统中信任的形成过程，分析外部环境对信任形成过程的影响机制。研究表明，通过搜索、熟悉、制度化和信任转移等机制，信任从最初的个人-组织阶段、经过个人-个人阶段、组织-组织阶段，提升到组织间-生态系统阶段;在这个过程中，边界管理者发挥着核心作用，制度、文化、技术等环境因素会对开放式创新生态系统信任的建立过程产生重要影响。研究拓宽了人际信任和组织信任的研究层次，延伸了开放式创新生态系统的研究深度，指导企业积极利用环境趋势中的有利因素，推动开放式创新生态系统信任的快速建立。

关键词：开放式创新生态系统;信任;过程理论;外部环境;边界管理者

中图分类号：F 270

Abstract：Establishing open innovation ecosystem is an effective strategy for enterprises to cope with fierce competition.Trust is critical to establish open innovation ecosystem.Based on the process theory，the process and mechanism of trust formation in the open innovation ecosystem are explored and the influence mechanism of the external environment on the process of trust formation are analyzed.The results show that trust can be promoted from the initial individualorganization to interorganizationecosystem stage through individualindividual stage and organizationorganization stage.In this process，border managers play a central role institutional;cultural，technological and other environmental factors have an important impact on the establishment of open innovation ecosystem trust.This research broadens the research level of interpersonal trust and organizational trust，extends the depth of the open innovation ecosystem，guides companies to actively use favorable factors in environmental trends，and promotes the rapid establishment of trust in the open innovation ecosystem.

Keywords：open innovation ecosystem;trust;process theory;external environment;boundary spanner

0 引言

开放式创新生态系统是“开放式创新在企业生态系统的实践，焦点企业在生态系统中与利益相关者共享知识，共同成长，相互信任，共同创新，并获取共同创造的价值”[1]。在企业开放式创新生态系统中，信任是基石。信任促进利益相关者合作[2]，减少利益相关者间的冲突和交易成本，加速開放式创新生态系统的形成[3]，在发生危机时，信任可以促进开放式创新生态系统做出恰当的反应[2]。在现有文献中，信任主要是作为企业生态系统的治理机制，学者们试图解释和验证信任治理和合同治理是替代关系还是互补关系[4-7]。……