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制度视角下中国OFDI区位选择的路径研究

2021-04-06谢佩洪于诗荟

上海管理科学 2021年1期

谢佩洪 于诗荟

摘 要: 以2015年为基期,将54个国家的中国对外直接投资(OFDI)存量作为样本,利用模糊集定性比较分析法(FsQCA),从东道国制度环境、东道国与中国之间的制度距离以及双边投资协定(BIT)三个方面考察了制度视角下中国OFDI区位选择的路径。选择了5个指标作为前因变量——母国与东道国文化距离、经济制度距离、政治制度距离、双边投资协定以及东道国制度环境,分析前因变量之间的何种组态可以最终导致结果变量——中国对东道国高OFDI投资规模的产生。研究结果表明:中国与东道国之间的文化距离小是中国对其进行OFDI投资的必要条件;东道国与中国之间签订的双边投资协定与两国之间较小的正式制度距离,包括政治制度距离和经济制度距离存在替代性;良好的东道国制度环境会对中国对其OFDI规模产生正向的影响。

关键词: OFDI;FsQCA;文化距离;制度距离;双边投资协定

Abstract: This papers analysis takes the data of China's OFDI stock in 54 countries as a sample and uses FsQCA to analyze on path of Chinas OFDI location choice from the institutional view. This paper analyzes the topic from three aspects - host country institutional environment, institutional distance between home country and host country and Bilateral Investment Treaty. This essay chooses five indexes as causal variables - cultural distance, economic institutional distance, political institutional distance, Bilateral Investment Treaty and host country institutional environment to research on which configurations can lead to Chinas high OFDI. The conclusions show that small cultural distance between home country and host country is a necessary condition for Chinas OFDI in that country; Bilateral Investment Treaty is an effective alternative to small formal institutional distance between two countries, including political institutional distance and economic institutional distance; Good host country institutional environment has a positive influence on Chinas OFDI in that country.

Key words: OFDI; FsQCA; cultural distance; institutional distance; Bilateral Investment Treaty

在中國政府“一带一路”倡议的积极推动以及“走出去”工作体系的不断完善下,尽管2016年全球直接投资流量呈现小幅下降,中国对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,以下简称OFDI)流量却创下1961.5亿美元的历史最高值,同比增长34.7%,蝉联全球第二位。截至2016年底,中国在全球190个国家和地区都设有对外直接投资企业。由此,可以看出随着中国经济的快速发展,中国对外直接投资的规模也在飞速发展之中,吸引到中国更多的对外直接投资成为全球大多数国家的目标。同时,从地区分布上来看,中国2016年对外直接投资流量的66.4%流向亚洲地区,同比增长20.2%,但对于东盟10国的投资却同比下降了29.6%。……

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