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团队中“投桃报李”的交换关系如何影响员工创新?

2021-04-06张昊民黄萱徐梦娇

上海管理科学 2021年1期

张昊民 黄萱 徐梦娇

摘 要: 创新是企业乃至国家兴旺发达的不竭动力,团队成员作为组织中员工交互最为频繁的社会交换关系,对员工创新极大产生影响。基于社会认同理论,构建一个有调节的中介模型,探究团队成员交换对员工创新行为的作用机制。运用SPSS 23.0和Amos 22.0对412份问卷进行分析,研究发现,团队成员交换以职场精神力为部分中介正向影响了员工创新行为,其中,集体主义倾向在上述关系中起到了调节作用,即员工集体主义倾向越高,团队成员交换对职场精神力的影响越大,从而对创新行为影响越大。研究结论在理论与实践上为组织创新管理和团队管理提供了重要的启示。

关键词: 团队成员交换;职场精神力;集体主义倾向;员工创新行为

Abstract: Innovation is an inexhaustible driving force for the prosperity of enterprises and even the country. Team members are the most frequent social exchange relationship for employees in the organization, and they have a great impact on employee innovation. Based on the social identity theory, the research constructs a moderated mediation model to explore the mechanism of team member exchange on employees innovative behavior. Using SPSS 23.0 and Amos 22.0 to analyze 412 questionnaires, the research found that team member exchange is positively related to employees innovative behavior, and these relationships are mediated by workplace spirituality. Furthermore, collectivism tendency is a moderator in these relationships. The effect of team member exchange on workplace spirituality is stronger when the employees collectivism tendency is higher, thus have stronger impact on employees innovative behavior. The findings provide important inspiration for organizational innovation management and team management in theory and practice.

Key words: team member exchange; workplace spirituality; collectivism tendency; employees innovative behavior

1 理论基础与假设提出

1.1 团队成员交换与员工创新行为

团队成员交换是员工感知到的其在团队中与其他成员之间的整体交换关系,是一种区别于领导—成员交换的独立构念,其描述的是组织中的横向交换关系。在这段交换关系中,员工不仅会主动进行“投之以桃”的奉献,还会获得团队其他成员“报之以李”的反馈,其中不但包含着有形的物质,还包括着无形的资源,例如情感的交流、信息的互通、角色的认可等。因此,团队成员交换的内容除任务导向之外,还有着关系导向,并且由于成员在平级情况下有形资源的限制,导致高质量的团队成员交换还是主要以社会情感资源为主。

当个体加入团体后,團队内良好的交换氛围会让员工逐渐感受到团队成员带给他的情感联系,以及作为群体成员的价值意义,自我的概念便发生转变,员工意识到自己属于这个团体和组织,从而产生社会认同。……

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