侯先成 安佑志

摘 要：传统村落是中国众多乡村聚落中具有地域特色、文化传承和保护价值的重要组成部分。为此，运用地理学中的空间分析方法，分析了黔东南州传统村落组群风貌的空间分布特征。结果表明：（1）黔东南州传统村落呈组团状分布，分布不均衡。从地域分布上看，多分布于少数民族聚居的区域;从行政区划分布来看，主要分布在黎平县、从江县、雷山县、台江县和剑河县;从民族来看，苗族传统村落主要分布在雷山县、台江县、剑河县等环雷公山区域，侗族传统村落主要分布在黎平、从江和榕江3县。（2）黔东南州传统村落组群风貌划分为山地苗族民俗风貌区、河谷低地侗族建筑风貌区和苗侗非遗文化风貌区。

关键词：传统村落;组群风貌;空间分布特征;黔东南州

中图分类号 TU984文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）05-0005-04

Abstract： The traditional village is an important part of China's many rural settlements with regional characteristics， cultural heritage and protection value. In this study， the spatial distribution characteristics of the traditional village groups in Qiandongnan were analyzed by means of spatial analysis in geography. The results showed that： （1） the traditional villages in Qiandongnan were distributed in groups， and their distribution was unevenly distributed. From the geographical distribution， it is mostly distributed in the areas where ethnic minorities live. From the perspective of administrative division of distribution， mainly distributed in Liping County， Congjiang County， Taijiang County， and Jianhe county. From the national point of view， the traditional Miao village is mainly distributed in Taijiang County， county， Jianhe county and Dong Traditional Village ring Leigong Mountain area， mainly in Liping， Rongjiang and Congjiang County three. （2） the style and features of the traditional village group in Qiandongnan are divided into the folk customs and features of the mountain Miao， the architectural features of the valley and the Dong minority in the valley and the cultural and features of the Miao and Dong.

Key words： Traditional village; Group style; Spatial distribution characteristics;Qiandongnan

黔東南苗族侗族自治州（以下简称“黔东南州”）位于贵州省南部，属于亚热带季风气候，森林资源丰富，尤其适合作为建筑材料的杉木生长，因此苗族和侗族等少数民族居民多用杉木建造木质房屋。由于苗族和侗族等少数民族不同的民族习惯及交通不便等因素，传统村落较好地传承下来，具有明显的民族性、完整性、地方性和独特性。而黔东南州的传统村落正符合传统村落评价认定指标体系中传统建筑、村落选择和格局、村落承载的非物质文化遗产等要求。

近年来，关于中国传统村落的相关研究成为了学术界研究的热点[1-3]。传统村落是指村落形成较早，拥有较丰富的传统资源，具有一定历史、文化、科学、艺术、社会、经济价值，应予以保护的村落[4]。……