黄迎冬 刘莉莎 周全卢

摘 要：甘薯病毒病是造成甘薯品种退化的主要原因，经种薯繁育代代累积，最终会导致绝收。以优质食用型紫薯品种南紫薯008为试验材料，进行了甘薯组培脱毒苗繁育体系的研究。结果表明：利用茎尖脱毒后的茎尖分生组织在含2mg/L 2，4-D的MS培养基中诱导胚性愈伤组织，建立胚性细胞悬浮培养系，经分化和再生，以提高扩繁率。将胚型细胞悬浮培养系建立的脱毒方式与水培快繁技术相结合，建立起一套完善的脱毒种薯种苗繁育体系，为四川丘陵地区脱毒种薯繁育提供了技术支持。

关键词：甘薯;脱毒;水培快繁;繁育体系

中图分类号 S531文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）05-0016-03

Abstract： Sweet potato virus disease is the main reason for the degradation of sweet potato varieties， and it accumulates from generation to generation through seed potato breeding， which may eventually lead to no harvest. In this study， Nanzishu 008 which is a high-quality edible purple potato variety， was used as the material to study the sweet potato tissue culture virus-free seedling breeding system. The results showed that the stem apex meristem after the detoxification of the stem apex was used to induce embryogenic callus in MS medium containing 2mg/L 2，4-D， and the embryogenic cell suspension culture line was established， afterward differentiation and regeneration. It can greatly increase the propagation rate. This combination of the detoxification method established by the embryonic cell suspension culture system and the hydroponic rapid propagation technology establishes a complete detoxification seed potato seedling breeding system. It provides a theoretical basis for formulating virus-free seed potato cultivation procedures in Sichuan hilly areas.

Key words：Sweet potato; Detoxification; Rapid hydroponic propagation; Breeding system

甘薯是一種富含类胡萝卜素、花青素、维生素、糖类等多种营养物质的块茎作物，具有抗癌、抗衰老等保健作用。但甘薯病毒病的发生导致中国大部分地区甘薯减产严重，且品质大幅度下降。由此，国内外许多学者在脱毒技术上进行了研究，如陈玉霞等将带1～2个叶原基的茎尖置于含0.5mg/L 6-BA、0.1mg/L NAA、4%蔗糖、6.5g/L琼脂的MS培养基中，成苗率为31.2%～100%[1]。赵雨佳等研究了不同消毒方法、不同茎尖大小以及不同浓度生长调节剂对茎尖脱毒和成苗效果的影响[2]。余成章采用33～35℃的高温预培养植株2～5mm茎尖作为外植体进行组织培养，提高了成苗率和脱毒效果[3]。崔志钢等对秦薯4号变温处理后进行微茎尖剥离，筛选出最适诱导再生植株的培养基，即有6-BA 0.5mg/L和0.1mg/L NAA的MS培养基[4]。尚佑芬等研究发现，切取的茎尖分生组织带1～2个叶原基的脱毒效果较好，且添加适量的病毒钝化剂可提高脱毒率[5]。……