康力文 张杰波 刘再婕

摘 要：峨眉髭蟾（Vibrissaphora boringii）主要分布在四川、貴州、云南、湖南、广西等地，是我国特有的珍稀濒危两栖动物。由于近年来该蟾的栖息环境遭到破坏，且蝌蚪期长，易遭天敌吞食，成活率低，其种群数量持续减少，在最新的中国脊椎动物红色名录中被评为濒危（EN）。为深入了解峨眉山峨眉髭蟾的种群现状及繁殖地生境，通过样线法、访问法结合相关文献确立了报国寺、伏虎寺、圣水禅院、万年寺、清音阁等作为重点调查区域，于2019年2—3月对峨眉山进行了实地考察。调查发现，峨眉髭蟾有28只（25雄，3雌），繁殖地生境水质良好，氮、亚硝含氧量高，氨酸盐均未超标，但有垃圾堆积及厕所粪便污染情况。并结合峨眉山景区现状，提出了相应的保护建议。

关键词：峨眉髭蟾;峨眉山;种群现状;繁殖生境

中图分类号 Q178.1+1文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）05-0029-03

Abstract：Vibrissaphora boringii， mainly distributed in Sichuan， Guizhou， Yunnan， Hunan and Guangxi. Vibrissaphora boringii is a rare and endangered amphibian which only distribute in China. In recent years， the habitat of this species was destroyed， meanwhile the tadpole period of this species was too long， which is easy to be preyed by predators. The survival rate is rather low， meanwhile its populations descended continuously， which was inscribed as endangered （EN） specieson the Red List of Chinas Vertebrates. In order to have an in-depth understanding of the current population status and breeding habitat of Vibrissaphora boringii， a field survey was conducted on Emei Mountain from February to March in 2019. According to the method of line sampling and visiting， combining with relevant articles， we established the main survey areas which is the Baoguo Temple， Fuhu Temple， Shengshui Temple， Wannian Temple and Qingyin Pavilion. According to the investigation， 28 Vibrissaphora boringii （25 males， 3 females） were found with excellent water quality， which has high oxygen content、no excessive ammonia nitrogen and nitrite， but there is a phenomenon that garbage and fecal pollution accumulation. We put forward reasonably protective suggestions according to the current situation of Emei Mountain scenic spot.

Key words： Vibrissaphora boringii; Emei Mountain; Population Status; Breeding habitat

峨眉髭蟾（Vibrissaphora boringii）隶属两栖纲（Amphibia）、无尾目（Anura）、角蟾科（Megophryidae）、髭蟾属（Vibrissaphora），是我国特有的珍稀濒危两栖动物[1]。主要分布在我国四川、重庆、湖南和贵州等地，其模式产地为四川峨眉山[2]。因繁殖季节期间，雄蟾上唇缘长有10～16枚锥状黑色角质刺（雌蟾相应部位为橘红色点），又被称为“胡子蛙”“角怪”。

由于特殊的繁殖方式和习性，峨眉髭蟾具有重要的分类学地位和科研价值。2000年该物种就已被列入中国国家林业局发布的《国家保护的有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物名录》[4]。然而，峨眉髭蟾的保护现状堪忧，由于过渡捕捉、栖息地破坏及人为因素的干扰，其种群数量持续减少。……