强姝婷　国慧　熊浩荣　杨振安

摘要： 生姜（Zingiber Officinale Rosc.）是中国古代和现代药典中记载的传统中药材，含有生姜精油、姜辣素、二苯基庚烷类化合物、黄酮类化合物以及生姜多糖等多种有效成分。生姜不仅在抗癌症、抗炎症、抑菌、抗氧化等方面有明显作用，还是一种重要的药食同源材料。本文对生姜进行了本草考证，以医书著作和现代药典中对生姜的记述，简要呈现了对生姜药效探究不断发展完善的过程。此外，还介绍了包括生姜主要有效成分生姜精油、姜辣素、二苯基庚烷类化合物、黄酮类化合物、生姜多糖的药理。最后根据生姜药食同源利用现状，分析了国内外的生姜药食同源发展前景，同时提出了一些对生姜药食同源产业发展的设想，以期为生姜的合理科学利用及相关产业的发展提供科学依据及参考。

关键词： 生姜;化学物质;药理作用;药食同源

中图分类号： S632.5 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）01-0259-08

Research progress on chemical substances， pharmacological action， homology of medicine and food of Zingiber officinale Rosc.

QIANG Shu-ting1， GUO Hui2， XIONG Hao-rong1， YANG Zhen-an1

（1.Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation， Ministry of Education， Nanchong 637009， China;2.Administrative Office of Laboratory and Equipment， China West Normal University， Nanchong 637009， China）

Abstract： As one of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines recorded in Chinese ancient and modern pharmacopoeias， ginger （Zingiber officinale Rosc.） contains ginger essential oil， gingerol， diphenyl heptane compounds， flavonoids， ginger polysaccharide and other effective ingredients. Ginger not only shows obvious effects in anti-cancer， anti-inflammation， anti-bacteria and anti-oxidation， it is also an important medicinal and edible material. In this article， the herbal textual research was carried on ginger， and the process of the research on the continuous development and perfection of pharmacodynamics for ginger was briefly presented based on medical books and description of ginger in modern pharmacopoeia. In addition， this paper also introduced the pharmacology of the main effective components of ginger， including ginger essential oil， gingerol， diphenyl heptane compounds， flavonoids and ginger polysaccharide. Finally， based on the current situation of medicine-food homologous utilization of ginger， the medicine-food homologous development prospect of ginger at home and abroad was analyzed， and some ideas about the development of medicine-food homologous industry for ginger were put forward， so as to provide scientific basis and reference for the rational and scientific utilization of ginger and the development of related industries.

Key words： ginger;chemicals;pharmacological effects;homology of medicine and food

生姜（Zingiber Officinale Rosc.）為姜科（Zingiberaceae）姜属（Zingiber）植物，根茎肥厚分枝，且芳香辛辣味，可供药用，又可做烹调配料或用于饮料及化妆品香料中[1]。中国古籍医典对生姜的药用价值多有记载，如《千金方》中以姜、大黄等药材制作伤寒膏以治疗伤寒头痛[2]，《肘后备急方》中以生姜、乌头等和酒服下可“避毒诸恶气”[3];除此以外，生姜还有驱寒、温中、止呕等多重功效。

现代研究结果表明，生姜中含有大量的挥发性油脂、脂肪油、姜辣素（姜酚、姜酮类等）、二苯基庚烷、树脂、蛋白质、维生素、戊聚糖、淀粉和礦物元素等多种天然成分，具有很强的杀菌作用和抗氧化能力[4-5]。……