石子林　李军乔　王雅琼　金占林

摘要： 使用響应面法优化密花香薷总皂苷提取工艺并探究其抗氧化活性及抑菌活性。以密花香薷总皂苷提取率为评估指标，以液料比、乙醇体积分数、提取时间和提取温度为因素，在单因素试验基础上，结合响应面法优化密花香薷总皂苷提取工艺;采用2，2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）及1，1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除法测定密花香薷总皂苷的抗氧化活性;并使用金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及酵母菌进行抑菌试验测定其抑菌活性。结果表明，最佳提取工艺条件为：液料比20∶1 （体积质量比），乙醇体积分数62%，提取时间125 min，提取温度69 ℃，在此提取工艺下，提取率为1.19%。密花香薷总皂苷对ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基的半抑制质量浓度（IC50）分别为0.74 mg/ml、0.56 mg/ml。密花香薷总皂苷对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及酵母菌均有抑制作用，在质量浓度为1.0 mg/ml时对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑制作用强于对酵母菌的抑制作用。说明，采用响应面法得到的密花香薷总皂苷的最佳提取工艺简便可行，且提取的总皂苷具有较好的抗氧化活性及抑菌活性。

关键词： 密花香薷;皂苷;响应面法;提取工艺;抗氧化活性;抑菌活性

中图分类号： R284.2 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）01-0185-07

Optimization on the extraction process of total saponins from the Elsholtzia densa Benth. and its biological activity

SHI Zi-lin1，2，3， LI Jun-qiao1，2，3， WANG Ya-qiong1，2，3， JIN Zhan-lin1，2，3

（1.Tibetan Plateau Juema Research Centre， Qinghai University for Nationalities， Xining 810000， China;2.Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Highvalue Utilization of Characteristic Economic Plants， Xining 810000， China;3.College of Ecological Environment and Resources， Qinghai University for Nationalities， Xining 810000， China）

Abstract： Response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction process of total saponins from Elsholtzia densa Benth. and explore its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Taking liquid-solid ratio， ethanol concentration， extraction time and extraction temperature as factors， extraction rate of total saponins from Elsholtzia densa Benth. as evaluation index， the extraction process was optimized by response surface methodology on the basis of single factor test. The antioxidant activity of total saponins was determined by 2，2-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） and 1，1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radicals scavenging methods. In addition， the antibacterial activity was tested by Staphylococcus aureus， Escherichia coli and yeast. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows： liquid-solid ratio 20 ml/g， ethanol concentration 62%， extraction time 125 min， extraction temperature 69 ℃. Under the above conditions， the yield was 1.19%. The half-inhibiting concentrations of ABTS and DPPH for the total saponins were 0.74 mg/ml and 0.56 mg/ml， respectively. The total saponins from Elsholtzia densa Benth. had inhibitory effects on， and yeast. Moreover， the inhibitory effect on  Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was stronger at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. In conclusion， the optimum extraction process of total saponins from Elsholtzia densa Benth. by response surface methodology is convenient and feasible， and the total saponins have good antioxidant and antibacterial activitive.

Key words： Elsholtzia densa Benth.;saponins;response surface methodology;extraction process;antioxidant activity;antibacterial activity

密花香薷 （Elsholtzia densa Benth.）为唇形科 （Labiatae）香薷属 （Elsholtzia） 植物[1]，一年生草本，广泛分布于青海、四川、甘肃、西藏等海拔2 800～4 100 m的高山、林缘、草甸等环境中[2]。密花香薷是中国的一种重要的野生草本蜜源植物、芳香植物，具有较高的药用价值[3]，可全草入药，具有治疗夏季感冒、发热无汗等功效[4]。……