徐臣善　徐爱红　萧蓓蕾　赵海洲　潘恩敬　王明友

摘要： 以長富2号红富士苹果（Malus pumila Mill. cv. Red Fuji， Nagafu NO.2）为母本，红星、荷红、美红3个授粉品种为父本，进行人工授粉，研究授粉品种对红富士苹果果实糖积累及代谢关键酶活性的影响。结果表明：果实生长发育过程中，果实总糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖含量均呈上升的趋势，果糖占总糖的比例最高;3个授粉处理的果实蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量在花后14～42 d均无显著差异，总糖含量在花后14 d无显著差异;花后70～182 d，授粉品种为美红的果实蔗糖含量显著低于授粉品种为红星的果实（P<0.05），葡萄糖和果糖含量则显著高于授粉品种为红星的果实（P<0.05），总糖含量在花后42～182 d显著高于授粉品种为红星的果实（P<0.05）。授粉品种为美红的果实蔗糖磷酸合酶（SPS）活性在花后154～182 d显著低于授粉品种为红星的果实（P<0.05），其他时间各授粉处理间无显著差异;授粉品种为美红的果实山梨醇脱氢酶（SDH）活性在花后70～182 d显著高于授粉品种为红星的果实（P<0.05），蔗糖合酶合成方向（SS-s）活性在花后70～182 d则显著低于授粉品种为红星的果实（P<0.05），酸性转化酶（AI）活性在整个发育期（花后14～182 d）显著高于授粉品种为红星的果实（P<0.05）;各授粉处理果实中性转化酶活性（NI）在整个发育期均无显著差异。果实发育过程中，所有各授粉处理果实糖的积累均与SDH、SPS、SS-s活性呈正相关，与NI活性呈负相关，与AI活性呈显著（P<0.05）或极显著负相关（P<0.01）。果实发育过程中，授粉品种没有影响红富士苹果果实糖积累及代谢酶活性的变化趋势，但影响糖含量及代谢酶活性，酶活性的改变可能导致了果实糖积累的差异。

关键词： 苹果;授粉品种;糖积累;糖代谢;酶活性

中图分类号： S661.1 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 1000-4440（2021）01-0121-08

Effects of pollination varieties on sugar accumulation and metabolism related enzyme activities in red Fuji apple fruit

XU Chen-shan1， XU Ai-hong1， XIAO Bei-lei1， ZHAO Hai-zhou2， PAN En-jing1， WANG Ming-you1

（1.Dezhou University， Dezhou 253023， China;2.Dezhou Forestry Development Center， Dezhou 253023， China）

Abstract： The effects of pollination varieties on sugar accumulation in Red Fuji apple fruits and activities of key enzymes in metabolism were studied by using Red Fuji apple Nagafu NO.2 as the female parent and three pollination varieties （Starking， Hehong and Meihong） as the male parent to conduct artificial pollination. The results showed that the contents of total sugar， sucrose， glucose and fructose in fruits all presented rising trends during the process of growth and development， and fructose content accounted for the highest proportion of total sugar. There were no significant differences in sucrose， glucose and fructose content in fruits by three pollination treatments 14-42 days after bloom， and there was no significant difference in total sugar content 14 days after bloom. The sucrose content in fruits pollinated with Meihong was significantly lower than fruits pollinated with Starking （P<0.05）， but glucose and fructose contents in fruits were both significantly higher than fruits pollinated with Starking （P<0.05）， 70-182 days after bloom. The total sugar content in fruits pollinated with Meihong was significantly higher than fruits pollinated with Starking 42-182 days after bloom （P<0.05）. The activity of sucrose phosphate synthase （SPS） in fruits pollinated with Meihong was significantly lower than fruits pollinated with Starking 154-182 days after bloom （P<0.05）， but there was no significant difference between pollination treatments in other periods. The activity of sorbitol dehydrogenase （SDH） in fruits pollinated with Meihong was significantly higher than fruits pollinated with Starking （P<0.05）， but the activity of synthesis of sucrose synthase （SS-s） was significantly lower than fruits pollinated with Starking （P<0.05）， 70-182 days after bloom. The activity of acid invertase （AI） in fruits pollinated with Meihong was significantly higher than fruits pollinated with Starking （P<0.05） during the whole development period （14-182 days after bloom）. There was no significant difference in activity of neutral invertase （NI） in fruits treated with different varieties during the whole developmental period. During the development process of fruits， the sugar accumulations showed positive correlations with SDH， SPS and SS-s activities in fruits pollinated with each variety， but showed negative correlation with NI activity and significant （P<0.05） or highly significant （P<0.01） negative correlations with AI activity. During the development process of fruits， pollination variety showed no variation trend on influencing sugar accumulation and related enzyme activities in sugar metabolism in fruits of Red Fuji apple. However， the pollination varieties affected sugars contents and metabolic enzyme activities in sugar metabolism of fruits and the changes of enzyme activities probably resulted in the differences in sugar accumulation of fruits.

Key words： apple;pollination variety;sugar accumulation;sugar metabolism;enzymatic activity

生产中大多数苹果品种自花授粉不结实，自交亲和率仅为2.2%[1]，因此需要严格配置授粉树来提高坐果率。苹果存在花粉直感现象，不同授粉处理引起果实性状的改变[2-6]。苹果果实糖的种类、含量及比率影响果实风味和营养成分，是决定果实品质和商品价值的重要因素[7]。前人认为，苹果中的可溶性糖主要是果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖，红富士、新红星果实中果糖含量最高，葡萄糖次之，蔗糖最少[6-8]。果实糖的积累受果实库强、糖卸载、碳水化合物代谢相关酶活性等方面的调控[9]。果实中的糖积累、种类与糖代谢酶的活性变化密切相关[10-12]。山梨醇脱氢酶（SDH）是苹果果实山梨醇代谢的主要酶之一，其作用是将山梨醇氧化为葡萄糖或果糖。Park等[13]报道了SDH活性在果实发育中的变化。Nosarszewski等[14]认为SDH活性在增强果实库强方面起重要作用。……