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一个水稻斑马叶突变体的遗传分析和基因定位

2021-03-25陈海元朱晓妹张所兵张云辉方先文

江苏农业学报 2021年1期
关键词:水稻

陈海元 朱晓妹 张所兵 张云辉 方先文

摘要: 通过甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变,获得了1个可以稳定遗传的水稻斑马叶突变体zebra2-2。与野生型相比,突变体从苗期开始表现出黄绿相间的斑马叶表型,而且不同叶位叶片的表型存在差异,新叶较老叶的表型更加明显。30 ℃条件下可恢复为绿-淡黄相间表型。此外,突变体的抽穗期延迟,株高、穗长、每穗粒数和籽粒大小均显著降低。遗传分析结果表明,突变体的突变表型受1对隐性基因控制。图位克隆结果表明,突变体ZEBRA2基因的第3 342位碱基由G突变为A,使得编码的氨基酸由甘氨酸突变成天冬氨酸,导致突变体呈现斑马叶表型。

关键词: 水稻;斑马叶;遗传分析;基因定位

中图分类号: S511.035.2 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)01-0001-07

Genetic analysis and gene mapping of a zebra leaf mutant in rice

CHEN Hai-yuan, ZHU Xiao-mei, ZHANG Suo-bing, ZHANG Yun-hui, FANG Xian-wen

(Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China)

Abstract: A zebra leaf mutant zebra2-2 with stable inheritance was identified through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. Compared with the wild type, the mutant displayed yellow and green zebra leaf phenotype since seeding stage, and leaves at different positions showed variable mutant phenotypes, new leaves showed more significant zebra leaf phenotype than the older leaves. Seedlings at 30 ℃ could recover the yellow and green zebra leaf phenotype. In addition, the heading date of mutant was delayed, and the plant height, panicle length, spikelet number per panicle and kernel size were significantly reduced. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Map-based cloning results revealed that a single base G to A substitution at the 3 342 position from ATG start codon, caused a Gly-to-Asp substitution of ZEBRA2 gene in zebra2-2, which resulting in the zebra leaf phenotype of zebra2-2.

Key words: rice;zebra leaf;genetic analysis;gene mapping

類胡萝卜素在植物中具有多种功能[1]。除了作为光系统中的捕光色素外,类胡萝卜素还能保护光合元件免受活性氧(ROS)的伤害[2-3]。类胡萝卜素还是合成脱落酸(ABA)的前体物质,ABA是植物中一类重要的激素,调节植物种子成熟及萌发和对外界胁迫的响应[4]。因此类胡萝卜素合成的缺陷可能会导致ABA的缺失,引起种子不休眠或者提前发芽的表型[5-7]。类胡萝卜素异构酶(CRTISO)是类胡萝卜素生物合成过程中的关键酶[8-9]。绿色组织中,其活性可被光照(比如光异构化)部分替代[10-11]。拟南芥CRTISO突变体ccr2的光形态建成中,由于前片层体的缺失导致叶绿素积累的延迟[12]。

根据肉眼可见的表型,叶色突变体可被分为淡绿叶(Virescent)、条纹(Stripe)、白化(Albino)、黄叶(Yellow)和斑马叶(Zebra)等类型。其中virescent1- virescent3突变体是温敏型叶色突变体[13-15]。……

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