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衡阳紫色土山丘区灌草地土地利用方式土壤种子库特征

2021-03-24黄桂元郭建军

天津农业科学 2021年2期

黄桂元 郭建军

摘    要:通过野外调查取样和室内试验相结合的方法,于2017年和2018年对衡阳紫色土山丘区不同坡向、坡位灌草地土地利用方式0~10 cm土层土壤种子库组成、密度及多样性特征进行调查分析。结果表明:衡阳紫色土山丘区灌草地土地利用方式土壤种子库密度为(2 367±217~6 867±410) 粒·m-2,阴坡土壤种子库密度显著高于阳坡(P<0.05),下坡显著高于上坡(P<0.05);坡向、坡位均显著影响土壤种子库的Margalef丰富度指数(R)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)(P<0.05),但对Peilow均匀度指数(E)无显著影响(P>0.05),2017和2018年土壤种子库密度不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。研究结果对衡阳紫色土山丘区灌草地土地利用方式的可持续利用和恢复提供参考依据。

关键词:土壤种子库;物种组成;物种多样性;土地利用方式

中图分类号:Q948.1                文献标识码:A             DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.02.018

Soil Seed Bank Properties of Frutex and Grassland Land Use Type on Mountain and Hill Areas with Purple Soils in  Hengyang of Hunan Province, China

HUANG Guiyuan, GUO Jianjun

(Hengdong County Forestry Bureau of Hunan, Hengdong, Hunan 421400,China)

Abstract:By combining field survey sampling with lab experiments, we investigated and analyzed species composition, density and diversity properties in 0-10 cm soil layers on different slope and position of frutex and grassland land use type on mountain and hill areas with purple soils in Hengyang of Hunan Province, China in the year of 2017 and 2018. The results showed that the density of the soil seed bank was ranged from(2 367±217) seeds·m-2  to (6 867±410 ) seeds·m-2, and the shady slope was significantly higher the sun slope(P<0.05), and the downslope position was significantly higher the upslope(P<0.05); The slope direction and slope position significantly affected Margalef richness index(R)and Shannon-Wiener diversity(H)of soil seed bank(P<0.05), however there was no significantly effect to Peilow evenness index(E)(P>0.05), there was no significant effect on the soil seed bank in the year of 2017 and 2018(P>0.05). The study can provide a reference for the sustainable use and restoration of frutex and grassland land use type on mountain and hill areas with purple soils in Hengyang of Hunan Province, China.

Key words: soil seed bank; species composition; species diversity; land use type

湖南省衡阳紫色土山丘区近2.67×104 hm2,是中国独有的土地资源。这类土地色泽特别、肥力优良,具有发展农业优势。但是,紫色土山丘区的生态脆弱,季节性干旱突出;土壤耐旱性差,养分含量不协调,不耐侵蚀,水土流失严重。植被遭破坏后,表土很快流失,林草恢复十分困难,农业发展受到很大制约,是中国南方极具代表性的生态灾难区之一[1-3]。通过将灌木与草本进行人工耦合的灌草地土地利用方式,具有改善土壤物理、化学、生物学性质以及减少水土流失等诸多优点[4-6],是改善土壤质量,使其良性发展的有效途徑之一[7-8]。但另一方面,该山丘区灌草地土地利用方式以紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、沙地柏(Sabina vulgaris)、马桑(Coriaria nepalensis)、白花草木樨(Melilotus albus)、猪屎豆(Crotalaria pallid)等少数几种灌木与草本为主[7-8],有植物结构单一、群落稳定性差、生态服务功能弱等缺陷,严重影响到该区域生态经济的持续发展。

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