李安乡 陈历儒 江帆 易劲翔 胡宇倩 唐磊 龙一夫

摘    要：為探明湖南省平江县耕地土壤微量元素的丰缺水平及分布状况，在平江县设置406个采样点，测定耕层（0～20 cm）土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌、有效硼、有效钼含量，为当地实行测土配方施肥提供科学依据。结果表明，全县土壤中有效铁、有效铜、有效锌含量丰富且分布较均匀，较丰富以上水平的样本均占比95%以上，全县不缺乏耕地占比99%以上;有效锰、有效钼含量整体丰富，较丰富以上水平的样本占比分别为66.75%，79.50%，但分布不均，缺乏耕地面积占比4.60%，19.90%;有效硼整体缺乏，样本缺乏和极缺乏水平占比为76.35%，缺乏耕地面积占比为81.80%。因此，当地应适当减少含铁、铜、锌的肥料及农用化学物品的施用，增加硼肥施用，合理施用锰、钼肥。

关键词：土壤; 有效微量元素; 平江县; 丰缺水平; 施肥

中图分类号：S158.2         文献标识码：A           DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.02.015

Soil Available Trace Element Nutrients and Fertilization Strategies of Tillable Field in Pingjiang County

LI  Anxiang1，2， CHEN Liru1，2， JIANG Fan1，2， YI Jinxiang1， HU Yuqian1，TANG Lei1， LONG Yifu1

（1. Yueyang Agricultural Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center，Yueyang， Hunan 414000，China; 2. Yueyang Crop Quality and Safety Engineering Technology Research Center ，Yueyang， Hunan 414000，China）

Abstract： In order to investigate the abundance and deficiency levels and distribution of trace elements in cultivated soil in Pingjiang County， Hunan Province， 406 sampling sites were set in Pingjiang County to determine the contents of available iron， available manganese， available copper， available zinc， available boron and available molybdenum in the tilth （0-20 cm）， so as to provide scientific basis for the implementation of soil testing and formulated fertilization. Results showed that the contents of available iron， available copper and available zinc in the soil of the county were abundant and evenly distributed， relatively rich above samples were accounted for more than 95%， the county was not a lack of arable land accounted for more than 99%; the contents of available manganese and available molybdenum were abundant on the whole， relatively rich above samples accounted for 66.75%， 79.50% respectively， but uneven distribution， the lack of tilth accounted for 4.60%， 19.90%; the available boron was deficient on the whole， and the proportion of deficient and extremely deficient samples was 76.35， and the lack of tilth accounted for 81.80%. Therefore， the application of fertilizers and agricultural chemicals containing iron， copper and zinc should be appropriately reduced， and the application of boron fertilizer should be increased， and the application of manganese and molybdenum fertilizer should be rational.

Key words： soil; available microelement; Pingjiang County; the abundance and deficiency level; fertilization

耕地肥力事关作物生长发育，中国作为农业大国、人口大国，了解区域土壤肥力特征十分必要，科学合理的评价耕地肥力是指导施肥、改良土壤、提高作物生长潜力的重要基础。平江县作为岳阳市的农业大县，是国家水稻绿色食品原料生产基地县、国家商品粮重点县、国家优良工程项目县，同时也是湖南省茶叶生产、油菜生产大县。截至2019年，全县水稻种植面积5.87万hm2，油菜种植面积1.32万hm2，茶园种植面积0.45万hm2[1]。如何在基本农田种植面积上获得更加优质、高产的作物，是目前农业发展中亟待解决的问题，因此调查了解平江县耕地肥力现状对发展本地区农业具有重要意义。……