牙鲆‘鲆优2号’的引进、示范养殖与建议
2021-03-24李楠宋立民吴会民李明泽焦万明阚峥杨文颖李仰真陈孟民
李楠 宋立民 吴会民 李明泽 焦万明 阚峥 杨文颖 李仰真 陈孟民



摘 要:为了改善天津地区养殖牙鲆种质落后、疾病频发的现状,规范养殖生产技术,促进渔民增产增收,分别从山东省海阳市引进‘鲆优2号牙鲆新品种,河北省秦皇岛市购入普通牙鲆苗种,通过8个月的实地养殖对比试验,获得新品种牙鲆平均体重为539.79±83.52 g,成活率为91.00%,普通牙鲆平均体重为455.62±91.08 g,成活率为69.40%,结合本市现有养殖条件,提出牙鲆新品种养殖操作建议,形成适于本地区的养殖技术。养殖试验表明,牙鲆‘鲆优2号新品种较普通苗种生长速度快且成活率高,适合天津地区养殖推广。
关键词:鲆优2号;引进;示范养殖;建议
中图分类号:S965 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.02.014
Introduction, Demonstration and Suggestion of 'Pingyou No. 2 'Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
LI Nan1, SONG Limin1, WU Huimin1,LI Mingze1,JIAO Wanming1,KAN Zheng1, YANG Wenying1,LI Yangzhen2, CHEN Mengmin3
(1.Tianjin Fishery Research Institute, Tianjin 300221, China; 2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS),Qingdao,Shandong 266071, China;3. Tianjin Minfeng Aquaculture Company Limited, Tianjin 300480, China)
Abstract:In order to improve the backwardness of flounder germplasm and the frequent occurrence of diseases in Tianjin, standardize the breeding technology and promote the fishermen to increase production and income, a new variety of flounder 'Pingyou No. 2'was introduced from Haiyang City, Shandong Province, and a common variety of flounder was introduced from Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province. After 8 months of field tests, the average body weight of new variety of flounder was 539.79 ± 83.52 g, and the survival rate was 91.00%, the average body weight of common flounder was 455.62 ± 91.08 g, and the survival rate was 69.40%. Combined with the existing culture conditions in this city, the operation suggestions of new variety of flounder were put forward, and the culture technology suitable for this region was formed. The culture experiment showed that the new variety of 'Pingyou No. 2'Paralichthys olivaceus grew faster and had a higher survival rate than the common fry, which was suitable for breeding and promotion in Tianjin.
Key words: flounder; new variety; introduction; breeding demonstration; suggestion
牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)隶属于脊椎动物门(Vertebrata)、硬骨鱼纲(Osteichthyes)、鲽形目(Pleuronectiformes)、鲆科(Bothidae)、牙鲆亚科(Paralichthyidae)、牙鲆属(Paralichthys)。主要分布于我国渤海、黄海、东海、南海及朝鲜、日本俄国远东沿岸海区[1]。牙鲆肉质细嫩,脂满味美,并具有繁殖力强,生长速度快等特点,是我国重要的海水经济鱼类。牙鲆在天然海域生活时,饵料多为低值杂鱼虾[2],可以充分利用我国沿海丰富的野杂鱼资源,转化为高级鱼肉产品;另外,其又是适合使用配合饵料饲养的品种,为工厂化和其他形式的人工养殖提供了有利条件。
牙鲆在天津地区海水鱼养殖中占重要地位,但由于缺少优良品种、病害多发、养殖尾水富营养化等原因,目前产量下降趋势明显[3]。陈松林研究团队针对牙鲆抗病性能进行了一系列育种研究,培育出花色……
