陈子萱 胡宇 田福平 刘新星 李忠旺

摘要：以全叶苦苣菜种子和植株为材料，进行外植体的灭菌、植株再生体系建立研究。结果表明，全叶苦苣菜的种子和茎段经过灭菌，接种到1/2MS培养基上可获得无菌苗。用于愈伤组织诱导最佳的材料为无菌苗下胚轴，最佳培养基为MS+0.5 mg/L BA +1.5 mg/L 2，4-D，愈伤组织分化最佳培养基为MS+ZT 2.0 mg/L +IAA 0.5 mg/L，分化出的不定芽在培养基1/2MS+IAA 0.2 mg/L上生根效果较好，可以获得健壮再生植株。试管苗移栽到温室，成活率可达到95%以上。移栽后植株的植物学性状和野生植株基本一致。

关键词：全叶苦苣菜;无菌苗;愈伤组织;再生体系

中图分类号：S647         文献标志码：A         文章编号：1001-1463（2021）01-0009-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.01.003

Abstract： The seeds and plants the wild resources of Sonchus transcaspicus Nevski were used as materials to do the reseach on sterilization of explants， establishment of plant regeneration system. The results demonstrated that the seeds and stems of Sonchus transcaspicus Nevski are sterilized and inoculated on 1/2MS medium to obtain sterile seedlings. The most suitable material for callus induction is hypocotyl， and the ideal medium is MS+0.5 mg/L BA +1.5 mg/L 2，4-D. The ideal medium for callus differentiation is MS+ZT 2.0 mg/L + IAA 0.5 mg/L， The differentiated cluster buds can be proliferated and cultured by stem cutting. The differentiated adventitious buds have a better rooting effect on the medium 1/2MS+IAA 0.2 mg/L and healthy regenerated plants can be obtained. When the test-tube seedlings are transplanted into a nutrient bowl in greenhouse， the survival rate can reach more than 95%. The tube seedlings stable planted maintained all botany characteristics of the wild Sonchus transcaspicus Nevski.

Key words：Sonchus transcaspicus Nevski;Sterile seedling;Callus;Regeneration system

全葉苦苣菜（Sonchus transcaspicus Nevski）俗称苦菜、苦苣菜，菊科苦苣菜属多年生草本植物。苦苣菜属植物在世界上共有50种，我国有8种[1 ]。全叶苦苣菜茎叶柔嫩多汁，嫩茎叶含水量高达90%，无刺、无毛、稍有苦味，其嫩茎叶是人们喜食的野菜，也是一种良好的青绿饲料和药用植物[2 ]。我国苦苣菜属植物药用历史悠久，《神农本草经》和《本草纲目》都有记载，其性味苦寒，具有清热解毒，消肿排脓，凉血化瘀，消食和胃，清肺止咳，益肝利尿之功效，用于治疗急性痢疾、肠炎、痔疮肿痛等症，还具有抗肿瘤作用，它们当中有些长期被作为我国民间传统中药[3 ]。长期以来，采摘全叶苦苣菜使其野生资源遭到严重破坏，致使野生全叶苦苣菜大量减少。苦苣菜属其他种植物的组织培养和再生体系的研究已有报道[4 - 8 ]，但未见到全叶苦苣菜的相关报道。全叶苦苣菜种子繁育比较困难，为满足大众对苦苣菜日益增长的需求，我们进行了全叶苦苣菜再生体系研究，以实现全叶苦苣菜的快速繁殖，解决种苗短缺等问题，为全叶苦苣菜的繁育、种质的保存、转基因研究等奠定技术基础。……