熊平生　刘亮　郝丽婷

摘 要：洞庭湖区因其特殊的地理位置及调蓄功能，对于长江荆江段乃至整个长江中下游地区的防洪减灾具有至关重要的作用。该文分析了洞庭湖区气象因素、水文因素、地形因素和人类活动等洪涝灾害发生的关键因子，指出了湖区洪涝灾害孕灾环境的变化，包括全球气候环境变化，湖区暴雨出现频次增多;三峡水库运行以及荆江裁弯取直，引起了洞庭湖蓄洪、泄洪能力发生了变化。

关键词：洞庭湖区;洪涝灾害;孕灾环境变化

中图分类号 X43文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）03-0141-03

Research on Reasons of the Flood Disaster in Dongting Lake Area and Its Environment Change of Flood Disaster

XIONG Pingsheng et al.

（College of City and Tourism， Hengyang Normal University， Hengyang 421002， China）

Abstract： Because of its special geographical location and its own regulation and storage function， Dongting Lake area plays an important role in the flood control and disaster reduction of Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River and the whole middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This paper analyzes the key factors of flood disaster in Dongting Lake area： meteorology factor， hydrology factor ， topography factor and human activities and so on.and the paper pointed out the new changes of flood disaster pregnant environment in the Dongting lake area，including the frequency of Rainstorm in the lake area increases under the background of global climate and environmental change; The operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir and the implementation of the Jingjiang River straight line have caused changes in the flood storage and discharge capacity of Dongting Lake.

Key words： Dongting Lake area;Flood disaster; Disaster pregnant environment change

洞庭湖位于长江中游荆江段湖北省以南和湖南省以北的两省交界处，地处北纬28°30′～30°2′、东经110°40′～113°10′之间，是由燕山运动而形成的断陷盆地。自第四纪以来，湖区均处于振荡式的负向运动中，形成了中部低、四周高的蝶形盆地。湖区水系由洞庭湖和入湖的湘江、资水、沅水、澧水4条河流以及直接入湖的汨罗江、新墙江等中小河流组成。洞庭湖区内江湖关系复杂，防洪堤线漫长，特殊的自然地理、河网水系环境，加之脆弱的防洪治涝体系，决定了洞庭湖区是洪涝灾害多发区[1]。已有的研究主要聚焦在洞庭湖区生态环境面临的问题和对策[2]，洞庭湖区洪水特征及其成因[3-4]，洞庭湖区洪涝灾害和防治措施[5]等方面。为此，笔者选取洞庭湖区为研究对象，分析湖区洪水孕灾环境变化及其驱动力，以期为湖区洪水灾害调控提供理论依据。

1 洞庭湖区洪涝灾害成因分析

1.1 气象因素 洞庭湖区属于北亚热带季风性气候，雨热同期，降水丰沛，季节分配不均，多梅雨暴雨和台风暴雨。……