张晨　杨松　王思瑶　王乙羽　杜孟哲　李玉玺　王君

摘 要：为在实验室条件下模拟混合解烃菌群对石油污染土壤的修复过程，将实验室保藏的3株解烃菌XB、JH、LJ-5活化，采用称重法测定土壤含油率，并对菌株的形态特征、乳化结果、石油降解率进行分析。结果表明，分别接种3种菌株LJ-5、XB、JH的锥形瓶中液蜡被乳化，且乳化程度较高;接入解烃菌XB、JH、LJ-5混合菌液的污染土壤菌落数在第20天达到最大值，为3.31×104cuf/g土壤;石油降解率从第15天至第25天变化最显著，到第35天趋于稳定，高达75%。试验结果为生物降解石油、利用混合菌株降低环境中的石油类污染物含量提供了理论依据。

关键词：解烃菌;石油污染土壤;生物修复

中图分类号 X172;X741 文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）03-0017-03

Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil by Mixed Hydrocarbon Decomposing Bacteria

ZHANG Chen et al.

（College of Biological and Environmental Engineering， Binzhou University， Binzhou 256600， China）

Abstract： In order to study the remediation process of petroleum contaminated soil with mixed hydrocarbon decomposing bacteria under laboratory conditions. Three hydrocarbon decomposing bacteria XB， JH and LJ-5 stored in the laboratory were activated and the oil content of soil was determined by weighing method. The morphological characteristics， emulsification results and oil degradation rate of the strains were further studied and analyzed. The results showed that the liquid wax was emulsified in the conical flasks inoculated with three strains LJ-5， XB and JH respectively， and the emulsification degree was high. When the mixed liquid of hydrocarbon decomposing bacteria XB， JH and LJ-5 was added into the contaminated soil， the colony number reached the maximum value of 3.31×104cuf/g soil at the 20th day， and the oil degradation rate changed most significantly from the 15th day to the 25th day， and the oil degradation rate tended to be stable at the 35th day The hydrolysis rate is as high as 75%， which provides a theoretical basis for biodegradation of petroleum and the use of mixed strains to reduce the content of petroleum pollutants in the environment.

Key words： Hydrocarbon decomposing bacteria; Petroleum contaminated soil; Bioremediation

石油能夠给人们带来巨大的经济利益，但同时也对生态环境造成了巨大的破坏。在石油的开采、冶炼、运输、使用以及处理过程中，遗漏、井喷和输油管道泄漏等事故时常发生，造成严重的土壤污染，对环境和人类健康构成极大的威胁[1]。因此，石油工业发展所带来的环境问题日益受到重视[2]。对石油污染土壤的处理方法主要有生物法、化学法和物理法3种。化学法和物理法费用昂贵，且可能导致二次污染，一般仅作为生物方法的辅助手段[3]。生物修复是指利用微生物及其他生物，将土壤中的石油污染物降解成CO2和H2O，或转化成无害物质的工程技术[4]，具有处理效果好、处理费用低并能避免二次污染等优势。利用微生物修复石油污染土壤在环境科学界被广泛认可，并认为具有很大的发展前景[5]。……