秸秆移除对四川地区紫色土有机质含量的影响
2021-03-03张鹏任涛王阳李龙国
张鹏 任涛 王阳 李龙国



摘 要:四川地区含有丰富的秸秆资源,可推荐作为生物乙醇生产基地,但是秸秆移除可能会造成有机质含量下降,影响土壤生产力。通过在紫色土地区设置5个不同的秸秆移除率(0%、25%、50%、75%和100%)处理,探究不同移除率下土壤有机质含量的变化情况。结果表明,经过1年以上的秸秆移除后,与0%移除相比,各移除率下的土壤有机质含量均发生了下降,但从有机质随时间变化角度来看,25%和0%移除处理的有机质含量并未随时间增长而发生下降。
关键词:秸秆移除;紫色土;有机质
中图分类号 X43文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)03-0108-03
Effect of Residue Removal on the Soil Organic Matter Content of Purple Soil in Sichuan Area
ZHANG Peng et al.
(College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China)
Abstract: Sichuan region is recommended as a bioethanol production base because of its abundant straw resources. However, removing the crop straw for bioethanol may negatively affect the soil organic matter and productivity. At present, there are few studies on the impact of residue removal on organic matter in the purple soil area, so we conduct field experiments in the purple soil area to investigate the problem. We set five different straw removal rates (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) to explore the changes in organic matter content under different removal rates. The results showed that after more than one year of residue removal, the soil organic matter content under other removal rates decreased relative to 0% removal rate. But from the perspective of organic matter changes over time, the organic matter content under 25% and 0% removal treatments did not decrease with time.
Key words: Residue removal; Purple soil; Soil organic carbon
秸秆移除用于生物质能源生产已成为秸秆资源利用新的途径[1]。四川地区作为长江上游主要的农业生产区,由于具有丰富的秸秆资源[2](每年产生的秸秆占全国总量的12%)被推荐作为生物乙醇生产基地。但是过多的秸秆移除可能会对土壤产生不利影响[3],尤其是会影响土壤有机质的含量。
土壤有机质是土壤质量的重要指标,其对土壤的物理、化学和生物特性(如土壤保水,养分循环,气体通量和水分和植物根系生长)均有一定的影响,增加和维持土壤有机质对于提高土壤肥力,提高肥料的养分利用率,提高作物产量和改善环境质量的作用至关重要[4]。作物秸秆若保留在田间,可以向土壤提供大量的有机物质[5]。秸秆移除减少了土壤有机物质的供给,影响土壤有机质的含量。众多研究表明,当秸秆移除率超過一定阈值时,会造成土壤有机质下降[6–8],这个阈值的大小取决于气候和土壤条件,即秸秆移除对土壤有机质造成的影响是有场地特异性的[9]。……
