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西充县水稻有机栽培病虫害防治技术

2021-03-03黄桂芬

安徽农学通报 2021年3期
关键词:防治技术水稻

摘 要:该文对西充县水稻有机栽培过程中的主要病虫害种类、防治指标和防治方法进行了概述,提出以非药物防治为主、生物农药防治为辅的防治策略。非药物防治措施包括病虫害测报和检疫、农业防治(选用优良品种、消灭越冬虫源和病源、保护天敌)、健身栽培(培育水稻壮秧、合理的大田栽培管理措施)、信息素诱杀、物理防治、生物防治(稻螟赤眼蜂控害、稻鸭共育)等6个方面;生物农药防治措施包括种子处理、秧苗带药移栽、大田虫害防治、大田病害防治(稻瘟病、稻曲病、水稻纹枯病、水稻细菌性基腐病)等4个方面。

关键词:水稻;有机栽培;病虫害;防治技术;西充县

中图分类号 S435.11 文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)03-0074-04

Pest and Disease Control Technology of Rice Organic Cultivation in Xichong County

HUANG Guifen

(Nantai Street Office, Xichong County, Xichong 637200, China)

Abstract: This paper briefly summarizes the main diseases and insect pests, control indexes and control methods in the process of rice organic cultivation in Xichong County, and puts forward the control strategies which are mainly non-drug control and supplemented by biological pesticide control. Non-drug control measures include disease and pest reporting and quarantine, agricultural control (selection of good varieties, elimination of overwintering and disease sources, protection of natural enemies), fitness cultivation (cultivation of strong rice seedlings, reasonable field cultivation management measures), pheromone trapping, physical control, biological control (rice borer Trichogramma control pests, rice and duck common fertility) and other six aspects.The control measures of biological pesticides include four aspects:seed treatment, transplanting after spraying, field pest control, field disease control (Rice blast, Ustilaginoidea virens (Cke,)Tak., Rice sheath blight disease, Rice bacterial base rot) and so on.

Key words: Rice; Organic cultivation; Diseases and pests; Prevention and control technology; Xichong county

西充縣隶属四川省南充市,是产粮大县和首批国家有机产品认证示范县。水稻常年种植面积14000hm2左右,产量占全县粮食总产量的35%以上,稳居西充县粮食作物产量首位。目前,西充县有19家水稻有机种植企业、大户、合作社和家庭农场,合计面积1400hm2左右,占全县水稻总面积的10%左右,年产有机稻谷近10000t。为了更好地执行国家有机产品标准GB/T19630—2019,提升科学用药水平,降低生物农药用量,夯实西充县有机水稻产业基础,生产放心健康的有机大米,笔者提出以非药物防治为核心的水稻病虫害综合防治策略,以期为西充县水稻有机栽培提供参考。

1 西充县水稻主要病虫害

1.1 主要病虫害种类 西充县对水稻危害较大的病虫害主要有“四病四虫”,即稻瘟病、纹枯病、稻曲病、细菌性基腐病以及稻飞虱、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻水象甲。……

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