解晓 樊雨梅 张建岭 史传超 周广运 廖峰

摘要 以驴胎盘为研究对象，对其活性成分进行研究。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术（ICP-MS）与电感耦合等离子发射光谱技术（ICP）对37种元素进行分析，并对有响应值的元素进行定量，数据显示驴胎盘中铜含量为2.213 μg/g;采用超高效液相色谱-多级质谱技术（UPLC-MSn）分析驴胎盘主要活性成分，共鉴定出16种氨基酸及其衍生物、1种嘌呤类、6种糖类、1种维生素类、11种有机酸类、46种脂质类及6种其他物质。结果表明，驴胎盘的活性成分丰富，具有潜在的生物学价值，在开发健康安全的食品、化妆品领域具有广阔的前景。

关键词 驴胎盘;活性成分;功能特性;ICP-MS;ICP;UPLC-MSn

中图分类号 TS251.9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0194-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.052

Abstract Taking donkey placenta as the research object， its active ingredients were studied.Thirty-seven elements were analyzed by ICP-MS and ICP， and the elements with response values were quantified. The data showed that the content of copper in donkey placenta was 2.213 μg/g;the main active components of donkey placenta were analyzed by UPLC-MSn， a total of 16 amino acids and their derivatives， 1 purine， 6 saccharides， 1 vitamin， 11 organic acids， 46 lipids and 6 other substances were identified.The results showed that the active components of donkey placenta were abundant and had potential biological value.It had broad prospects in the development of healthy and safe food and cosmetics.

Key words Donkey placenta;Active component;Functional characteristics;ICP-MS;ICP;UPLC-MSn

胎盘是后兽类和真兽类哺乳动物妊娠期间由胚胎的胚膜和母体子宫内膜联合长成的胎儿与母体间交换物质的过渡性器官，制成中药材的胎盘称为紫河车。《本草纲目》记载，胎盘具有安神养血、补气、益精、解毒、补血的作用，对疲劳、消瘦、衰弱者有奇效，“久服者，耳聪目明，须发黑，延年益寿，有夺造化之功”[1]。近年来，人们对胎盘的研究逐步深入，主要集中在成分分析与酶解制备工艺的研究等，且胎盘种类已由人胎盘研究扩展到羊[2-6]、牛[7]、猪[8]、鹿[9]、马[10]等动物胎盘，但是鲜有关于驴胎盘的报道。驴，奇蹄目马科马属，抗病力强，发病率低，具有繁殖能力好、遗传性稳定等特点[11]，可预见驴胎盘相对于其他动物胎盘而言安全性较高。中国作为全球最主要的驴产业大国，驴拥有量占世界驴总数的13.5%[12]。……