李丽艳 孙杉杉 章孜亮 杨娜 戚家明 杜迎辉

摘要 为筛选出对马铃薯疮痂病具有显著拮抗作用且较强田间防效的生防细菌，采用室内平皿拮抗及田间防效应用试验，检测菌株对马铃薯疮痂病的抑制效果。采用对峙培养试验确定了荧光假单孢菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌体及其发酵菌液对马铃薯疮痂病菌均有明显抑菌效果，抑菌圈直径分别为11、5 mm和15、9 mm;将2种菌株发酵菌液按照1∶1、2∶1复配后，抑菌圈直径分别提高至17、28 mm，说明2种菌液复配对马铃薯疮痂病菌的抑制作用可以起到一定增效效果。通过田间防效试验验证了单一菌肥施用及2种菌肥混合施用对马铃薯疮痂病的防治效果。单一菌肥对马铃薯疮痂病的防效荧光假单孢菌（73.18%）优于解淀粉芽孢杆菌（49.31%），而2种菌肥配施防效显著优于单一菌肥，防效达91.7%。说明荧光假单孢菌及解淀粉芽孢杆菌2种菌肥配施可以有效防治马铃薯疮痂病，在田间应用及推广过程中具有巨大的潜力。

关键词 荧光假单孢菌;解淀粉芽孢杆菌;马铃薯疮痂病;防效

中图分类号 S435.32 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0122-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.032

Abstract In order to screen out biocontrol bacteria that have a significant antagonistic effect on potato scab and have a strong field control effect，indoor plate resistance and field control effect tests were used to detect the inhibitory effect of the strain on potato scab. The confrontation culture test was used to determine that Pseudomonas fluorescens，Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and their fermentation broth had obvious antibacterial effects on potato scab bacteria，and the diameters of the inhibition circles were 11，5 mm and 15，9 mm; after the fermentation liquid of the two strains was compounded according to 1∶1 and 2∶1，the diameter of the bacteriostatic circle was increased to 17 and 28 mm，indicating that the combination of the two bacterial liquids could inhibit the potato scab.The effect could play a certain synergistic effect. The control effect of single bacterial fertilizer application and mixed application of two bacterial fertilizers on potato scab was verified through field control efficacy tests. The control effect of single bacterial fertilizer on potato scab （Pseudomonas fluorescens （73.18%） was better than Bacillus amyloliquefaciens （49.31%），and the combined control effect of the two bacterial fertilizers was significantly better than the single bacterial fertilizer，the control effect reached 91.7 %. It showed that the combined application of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fertilizer could effectively control potato scab，and it had great potential for application and promotion in the field.

Key words Pseudomonas fluorescens;Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;Potato scab;Control effect

近年來由疮痂链霉菌 （Streptomyces scrabies） 引起的马铃薯疮痂病日益严重，直接影响马铃薯的品质，造成了较大的经济损失。该病病原疮痂链霉菌可在植物病残体或土壤中存活多年，一旦条件适宜就会侵染马铃薯块茎，致马铃薯表面形成凹陷或凸起的疮痂状粗糙硬斑块，严重影响马铃薯的外观品质和经济价值[1-2]。对于该病目前尚缺乏安全有效的防治方法，大多采用化学农药的方法，虽然短期内有一定防治效果，但长期使用不仅污染环境、危害人类健康，还会造成土壤中菌群失调，病害日益加重[3]。……