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四川芦笋主要病虫害调查

2021-03-01曾华兰何炼叶鹏盛蒋秋平华丽霞黄玲韦树谷王明娟代顺冬张敏何晓敏

安徽农业科学 2021年1期

曾华兰 何炼 叶鹏盛 蒋秋平 华丽霞 黄玲 韦树谷 王明娟 代顺冬 张敏 何晓敏

摘要 为指导芦笋病虫害的绿色防控,对芦笋主要病虫种类及发生危害规律进行了研究。结果表明,在种植过程中,芦笋的主要病害有茎枯病、褐斑病、炭疽病、根腐病、枯梢病等,主要虫害为甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、蚜虫、蓟马等。研究了芦笋主要病虫的发生危害规律,提出了相应的防治措施。该研究为四川芦笋病虫防控提供了理论依据,为芦笋生产的提质增效和绿色可持续发展奠定了基础。

关键词 芦笋;病害;虫害;发生规律

中图分类号 S436.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)01-0116-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.030

Abstract To guide the practice of diseases and pests control on asparagus, the species and occurrence of main diseases and pests on asparagus were investigated. The results showed that the main diseases of asparagus included stem blight, brown spot, anthracnose, root rot, and dieback. The main pests of asparagus included beet armyworm, tobacco caterpillar, aphid, and thripid. The occurrence of those diseases and pests on asparagus were studied, and the corresponding control measures were introduced. Through the research, theoretical basis was provided for the control of asparagus diseases and pests in Sichuan, and the foundation was laid both for improving quality and efficiency of asparagus production, and its green and sustainable development.

Key words Asparagus;Disease;Pest;Occurrence regularity

蘆笋学名石刁柏,属天门冬科多年生植物[1],以其嫩茎为食用部位,含有丰富的氨基酸、蛋白质和维生素,以及多种活性成分[2-3],具有调节机体代谢、提高身体免疫力的功效,有减肥、抗肿瘤、抗衰老和降血压、降血脂、降血糖的生物功能[4-6]。芦笋在国际市场上享有“蔬菜之王”的美称,也是“药食同源之首”,发展芦笋不仅能取得良好的经济效益,还具有较好的生态效益。随着人们生活水平的提高,以及全面落实习近平提出的“健康中国”战略,芦笋产业已成为助力乡村振兴的重要抓手,在山东、四川、山西、福建等地广泛种植[7-8]。随着芦笋种植面积和区域的扩大,芦笋病虫发生也日趋频繁和加重,成为芦笋产业发展的重要障碍[9-11]。山西、山东等地针对芦笋茎枯病、夜蛾、木蠹蛾等重要病虫害,开展了病虫害及防治药剂筛选,取得了一定进展[12-17]。……

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