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自动传感监测系统在经济林木水分管理上的应用

2021-03-01吴梅陈铭渠心静李俊

安徽农业科学 2021年1期

吴梅 陈铭 渠心静 李俊

摘要 自动传感监测系统与常见的灌溉系统(喷灌系统、喷雾系统、地表滴灌系统及地下滴灌系统)结合不仅能节省能源和人力成本、节约水资源、控制非点源污染,而且具有精确控制浇灌、零渗漏、零污染等特点,广泛应用于经济林木水分的研究和應用中。概述了经济林木干旱研究现状及相关的抗旱品种筛选方法和干旱胁迫生理研究,并以Em-5型水分传感器和Em-50/G型数据采集器为例详细介绍了传感器的组成。在此基础上概述了自动传感监测系统在林木水分研究与管理中的应用,从合理灌溉、精准林业和智慧林业3个方面探讨了其在经济林木应用中需注意的重点,并提出了其今后研究和应用的方向。

关键词 自动传感监测系统;林木;干旱;水分管理

中图分类号 TP274 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)01-0102-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.026

Abstract Automatically sensing monitoring system with common irrigation system (sprinkler systems, spray systems, surface drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation system) can not only save energy and labor costs, save water resources, control non-point source pollution, and it has accurate control to water, zero pollution, zero leakage etc, it has been widely used in the study of non-wood forest moisture. In this paper, the basic situation of non-wood forest drought research and related drought resistance screening and drought stress physiological research were summarized, and the composition of the sensor was described in detail with the Em-5 moisture sensor and Em-50/G data collector as examples. On this basis, the application of automatic sensing monitoring system in forest drought research was summarized, the key points of non-wood forest drought research were explored from three aspects of reasonable irrigation, precise forestry and intelligent forestry, the direction of future research and application was proposed.

Key words Automatic sensing system;Forest;Drought;Water management

水是植物赖以生存的物质基础,充足的水分供应是植物正常生长发育的基本条件。随着全球人口数量的增加和自然生态环境的日益恶化,全世界粮食产量的提高很大程度上受环境胁迫的限制,其中干旱是限制农业生产的主要环境因素之一[1-2]。全世界由于水分亏缺导致的减产超过其他因素造成的减产总和。干旱严重影响着作物的生长发育、产量及品质,每年因干旱导致作物减产达50%以上。全球约1/3土地面积属于干旱或半干旱区域,而中国干旱、半干旱地区约占国土面积的50%[3]。干旱使土壤墒情极差,导致多数苗木脱水现象严重,影响种苗培育和林木生产。……

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