罗杰 王中铎 曹伏君

摘要 [目的]了解溫度及饵料对管角螺繁殖力的影响。[方法]采用升温及投喂饵料的方法，在水泥池培育已达性成熟年龄的管角螺113 d后，进行繁殖力的比较。[结果]升温组（28～29 ℃）亲螺比常温组提前16 d交配产卵，每个雌螺平均产卵2.2次，平均产卵囊数30.7个，而常温组每个雌螺平均产卵1.3次，平均产卵囊数为24.4个，且升温组的每个雌螺获得仔螺平均数比常温组多19%，差异显著（P<0.05）。饵料试验中，投喂贝类组与投喂小杂鱼组产卵时间无明显差异，贝类组每个雌螺平均产卵2.4次，而杂鱼组为1.8次;产卵雌螺中每个雌螺所产卵囊数贝类组比小杂鱼组多18.3%，且差异显著（P<0.05）。贝类组、小杂鱼组每个孵囊孵出仔螺平均数差异不显著（P>0.05），而贝类组每个雌螺获得仔螺的平均数比小杂鱼组多19.3%（P<0.05）。[结论]在管角螺亲螺强化培育过程中，升温及投喂适口饵料均能提高其繁殖能力。

关键词 温度;饵料;管角螺;繁殖力

中图分类号 S968.31 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0077-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.020

Abstract [Objective]To understand the effects of temperature and bait on the reproductive capacity of Hemifusus tuba（Gelin）. [Method]Using the methods of heating and feeding bait， the reproductive capacity of H. tuba（Gelin） was compared after H. tuba（Gelin） that had reached sexual maturity were cultured 113 days in the cement pond. [Result]The parent snails mated and spawned in heating group （28 -29 ℃） 16 days earlier than that in the normal temperature group， the average spawned number of female snails was 2.2 times and the average number of oocyst was 30.7 in heating group. In normal temperature group， the average spawned number of female snails was 1.3 times， and the average number of oocyst was 24.4. The average number of juvenile snails obtained by each female in the heating group was 19% higher than that in the normal temperature group， with significant difference （P<0.05）. In the bait experiment， the spawning time had no significant difference between shellfish group and small-mixed fish group. The average spawning number of female snail in the shellfish group was 2.4 times， while that of the mixed-fish group was 1.8 times. The number of spawned oocysts of each female snail was 18.3% higher in the shellfish group than in the small-mixed fish group， with significant differences （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the average hatched juvenile snails of each oocyst between the shellfish group and the small-mixed fish group （P>0.05）. However， the average number of juvenile snails obtained by each female snails was 19.3% higher in the shellfish group than in the small-mixed fish group （P<0.05）.[Conclusion]During the intensive cultivation of parent H. tuba（Gelin）， the reproductive capacity of H. tuba（Gelin） could be improved by raising temperature and feeding baits.

Key words Temperature;Bait;Hemifusus tuba（Gelin）;Reproductive capacity

管角螺，学名Hemifusus tuba（Gmelin），隶属软体动物门盔螺科，生活在具泥沙或泥质的海底，主要分布在我国浙江、福建、广西、广东和海南各省沿海。管角螺个体大型且软体部肥大、肉嫩，味道鲜美且营养丰富，具有极高的经济价值。近年来，由于海域污染及过度捕捉，导致管角螺资源日趋枯竭，因此对管角螺进行人工育苗及其他方面研究对于保护该资源尤其重要。

我国对管角螺的研究始于20世纪90年代[1]。经过科技工作者多年努力，在管角螺繁殖生物学[2-7]、人工育苗和养殖技术[8-14]、生理生态[15-25]、遗传多样性及分子生物学[26-28]等方面研究取得了可喜的成果，但迄今为止尚未见到关于温度和饵料影响管角螺性腺发育和成熟产卵方面的研究报道。管角螺生殖系统具有特殊的交接器，生殖季节雌雄个体交配受精，受精卵从体内排出体外过程中输卵管会分泌一种胶状物质，形成卵囊，将卵子包藏起来，卵子在卵囊内发育，个体不经浮游阶段而直接发育为稚螺，属于体内受精、体外发育的生殖方式[29]。……