陈汝 薛晓敏 徐志芳 刘全全 高兴永 王金政

摘要 [目的]研究天红2号苹果幼树至稳产期树体生长、产量和品质形成的动态，为天红2号苹果推广应用及优质高效生产提供理论基础。[方法]以2010年春季栽植的矮化中间砧红富士（天红2号/SH40/八棱海棠）苹果为试材，2011—2018年连续8年调查树体生长、枝类组成和果实产量、品质的变化。[结果]随着树龄的增长，树体高度、冠径、树干粗度、覆盖率以及总枝量均随着树龄增长而有不同程度的增加，栽植后前4年增长速度较快，之后通过修剪可控制树体的生长;随着树龄增长，短枝比例逐渐增加，长枝比例逐渐降低，栽植后5年树体枝类组成趋于稳定，短枝比例维持在65%左右，长枝比例维持在10%左右;随树龄的增加，产量逐年大幅度增加，栽植后第7年进入稳产期，年产量高达50 t/hm2左右，果实品质稳定性较好，在不同树龄间果实品质差异不显著。[结论]天红2号/SH40/八棱海棠具有树体结构合理、早实丰产、果实品质优等优点，适于在泰安地区推广应用。

关键词 天红2号;树体生长;产量;果实品质

中图分类号 S661.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0042-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.011

Abstract [Objective]To study the dynamics of tree growth， yield and quality formation of Tianhong 2 apple from young to stable yield stage， and to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application and high-quality and efficient production of Tianhong 2 apple. [Method]The Tianhong 2 apple with SH40 dwarf interstock planted in spring 2010 was used to investigate the dynamic changes of tree growth， number and proportion of different branch lengths， yields， and fruit qualities from 2013 to 2018.[Result]With the increase of tree age， tree height， crown diameter， trunk thickness， coverage and total branches all increased to different degrees with the increase of tree age. The growth rate was faster in the first 4 years after planting， and then the growth of the tree could be controlled by pruning. As the age of the tree increases， the proportion of short branches gradually increased， and the proportion of long branches gradually decreased. The composition of tree branches tended to be stable 5 years after planting， the proportion of short branches was maintained at about 65%， and the proportion of long branches was maintained at approximately 10%. With the increase of the age of the tree， the yield has increased significantly year by year. The plant has entered a stable yield period in the seventh year after planting， with an annual yield of up to about 50 t/hm2. The fruit quality was stable， and the difference in fruit quality between different tree ages was not significant.[Conclusion]Tianhong 2 / SH40 / Malus robusta Rehd. has the advantages of reasonable tree structure， early and high yield， excellent fruit quality， etc. It is suitable for popularization and application in Taian area.

Key words Tianhong 2;Tree growth;Yield;Fruit quality

蘋果矮砧集约化栽培是世界苹果生产的主流方向，也是我国苹果产业发展的必然趋势，矮化砧木的选择与利用是实现矮砧集约化栽培的必要途径[1]。近几年我国苹果矮化栽培面积不断扩大，其中大部分采用的是中间砧矮化栽培模式[2-3]。适宜的矮化中间砧木能够合理地控制树体营养生长和生殖生长之间的平衡，使树体枝类组成适宜，通风透光，光能利用效率高，从而影响苹果果实品质及产量[4]。……