天门冬质量及RAPD遗传多样性研究
2021-03-01徐昌艳罗忠圣曹旭林钱志瑶李相陵覃容贵
徐昌艳 罗忠圣 曹旭林 钱志瑶 李相陵 覃容贵



摘要 [目的]研究天門冬质量及RAPD遗传多样性,并探索其质量与RAPD遗传多样性间相关性。[方法]采用综合评分法,以总皂苷、多糖、浸出物含量为评价指标对天门冬进行质量评价;对天门冬RAPD反应体系进行优化,完成不同居群天门冬RAPD扩增,运用NTSYS 2.10e软件进行遗传多样性分析及UPGMA系统树图构建;分析天门冬质量与RAPD遗传多样性的相关性。[结果]18份天门冬样品质量差异较大;18份天门冬多态性百分率为89.62%,遗传相似系数为0.448 1~0.748 6,在阈值0.52处18份天门冬聚为两大类,其中贵州遵义桐梓天门冬单独分为一类,其余聚为一类。[结论]天门冬质量与RAPD遗传多样性无显著相关性,所建立的天门冬RAPD法可用于其遗传多样性研究,可为其良种选育、规范化种植奠定基础。
关键词 天门冬;质量评价;RAPD;遗传多样性;UPGMA
中图分类号 R282.71 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)03-0180-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.048
Abstract [Objective]The quality and RAPD genetic diversity of Asparagi Radix were studied, and the correlation between the quality and RAPD genetic diversity of Asparagi Radix was explored. [Method]The content of the total saponins,polysaccharide and alcoholsoluble extract in Asparagi Radix was taken as the evaluation index, and the quality of Asparagi Radix was evaluated by the comprehensive scoring method.We optimized the RAPD reaction system of Asparagi Radix, and amplified different populations of Asparagi Radix,based on the RAPD band data,the genetic similarity coefficients were analysed by NTSYS 2.10e,and the UPGMA dendrogram were developed.The correlation between the genetic diversity of RAPD and the quality of Asparagi Radix was analyzed. [Result]The quality of 18 Asparagi Radix samples was very different.The polymorphism rate of 18 Asparagi Radix was 89.62%,and the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.448 1-0.748 6.In the UPGMA analysis, under the threshold of 0.52, 18 samples were divided into two groups,1 sample from Zunyi County was clustered into one group,while the rest of the 17 samples were clustered into the other group. [Conclusion]There is no significant correlation between the quality and genetic diversity of Asparagi Radix. The established RAPD method of Asparagi Radix can be used for the study of its genetic diversity, which can lay the foundation for the breeding of improved varieties and standardized planting of Asparagi Radix.
Key words Asparagi Radix;Quality evaluation;RAPD;Genetic diversity;UPGMA
天门冬(Asparagi Radix)又名天冬,为《中国药典》(2015年版)收载品种[1],不仅直接供中医临床配方使用,还作为“口炎清颗粒”“二冬膏”“石斛夜光丸”和“羚羊清肺颗粒”等多种中成药的主要原料,且天门冬中提取的天门冬甜素被广泛应用于食品领域。据《中华本草》记载:“贵州、云南、广西等地为天门冬主产区,其中贵州地区产量最大,品质最好”[2]。贵州地区天门冬主要分布于贵阳、余庆、凤岗、黔西、大方、息烽、天柱、独山、荔波、镇宁、福泉、龙里、榕江、兴义、黎平、沿河等地,遵义凤冈县有大面积种植[3]。项目组实地调查发现,贵州大方、龙里、息烽、兴义、遵义等……
