烟草白粉病绿色防控药剂的筛选及化学药剂减量研究
2021-03-01马世斌谭本付小红王智徐航范邓鹏范业晨张昭兵
马世斌 谭本 付小红 王智 徐航 范邓鹏 范业晨 张昭兵
摘要 [目的]探討绿色防控药剂及化学药剂减量施用对烟草白粉病的防控效果。[方法]通过田间试验,采用小区对比设计,研究不同药剂组合对烟草白粉病的防控效果及其安全性。[结果]100亿枯草芽孢杆菌、52%氯尿硫酸铜可溶性粉剂、12.5%腈菌唑微乳剂防效无显著差异,且防效均超过77%,加入d-柠檬烯可以增强12.5%腈菌唑微乳剂的药效,也可一定程度上减少化学药剂的施用,所有药剂均无药害,各药剂处理对烟株的农艺性状影响不明显,但由于减少了白粉病的损失,其经济性状明显高于清水对照组。[结论]100亿枯草芽孢杆菌、52%氯尿硫酸铜可溶性粉剂可有效防治烟草白粉病,可替代12.5%腈菌唑微乳剂预防白粉病或在白粉病初发生时施用,加入d-柠檬烯后可增强12.5%腈菌唑微乳剂的施用效果或者减少12.5%腈菌唑微乳剂的用量,白粉病初发生的烟田针对性施用防控药剂,可有效减少经济损失。
关键词 烟草;白粉病;绿色防控;药剂;化学药剂减量;筛选
中图分类号 S48 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)03-0144-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.039
Abstract [Objective] To explore the prevention and control effect of green control and chemical agents on tobacco powdery mildew. [Method] The field experiment was used to study the control effect and safety of different powder combinations on tobacco powdery mildew. [Result] 10 billion Bacillus subtilis, 52% copper chlorouret sulfate soluble powder, and 12.5% nitrilconazole microemulsion had no significant difference in efficacy, and the efficacy exceeded 77%. The addition of dlimonene could enhance the efficacy of 12.5% micronidil,could also reduce the application of chemical agents to a certain extent. All agents were harmless. The effects of various chemical treatments on the agronomic traits of tobacco plants were not obvious, but due to the reduction of powdery mildew losses, their economic traits were significantly higher than that of the water control group.[Conclusion] 10 billion Bacillus subtilis and 52% copper chlorouret sulfate soluble powder could effectively prevent and cure tobacco powdery mildew, and could replace 12.5% nitrilconazole microemulsion to prevent powdery mildew or apply it at the beginning of powdery mildew, adding dlimonene after that, the application effect of 12.5% microconazole microemulsion could be enhanced or the dosage of 12.5% microconazole microemulsion could be reduced.Tobacco fields where powdery mildew first occurred, targeted prevention and control agents,could effectively reduce economic losses.
Key words Tobacco;Powdery mildew;Green prevention and control;Reagents;Reduction of chemical agents;Screening
烟草白粉病是烟草的重要病害之一[1],近年来在我国烟区发生日趋严重,发生区域也逐年扩大,该病已由烟草生产上的次要病害发展成为阻碍我国烟草生产的重要病害。烟草白粉病不仅可以造成烟叶产量的严重损失,而且可以造成烟叶质量的大幅下降[1-2],烟草白粉菌产生的孢子常能借助空气大范围传播,且可多次重复侵染寄主植物,是我国西南烟草栽培区的重要病害之一。……
