三峡库区消落带水生药用植物筛选体系及栽植建议
2021-03-01薛兰兰王轶浩崔云风
薛兰兰 王轶浩 崔云风

摘要 水生药用植物可以满足消落带治理的需求,提高消落带湿地生态系统稳定性和经济效益,改善消落带景观及生态环境。通过三峡库区消落带特点特征分析,建立消落带药用植物筛选体系,并根据消落带治理的要求和消落带环境特色,提出消落带药用植物的种植不能造成生态环境二次破坏,植物要求适应性强,具有良好的净化水质和水土保持功能的观点,为湿地可持续发展提供了新的思路和示范探索,又为消落带解决人地矛盾提供了新方法和新思路。
关键词 消落带;药用植物;筛选体系
中图分类号 X173 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2021)03-0110-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.029
Abstract Aquatic medicinal plants can meet the needs of management of the waterlevelfluctuating zone, enhance the stability and economic benefits of the wetland ecosystem, and improve the landscape and ecological environment of the waterlevelfluctuating zone. In this article, through analyzing characteristics of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, to build the medicinal plants selecting system. According to the requirement of ecological management and environment characteristic, we put forward that the cultivation of medicinal plants can not cause secondary damage to ecological environment, plants require strong adaptability, good purification effect of water quality and water and soil conservation, it not only provides new thinking for the sustainable development of wetland and demonstration research, but also provides new methods and ideas for solving the contradiction between people and land in waterlevelfluctuating zone.
Key words Waterlevelfluctuating zone;Medicinal plant;Screening system
水生植物是可以在淡水中長期生活的植物,在湿地生态修复中既能进化水质,又可保育土壤。全国药用水生植物资源262种,隶属于72科154属。水生药用植物是植物本身含有挥发油、萜类、有机酸类、黄酮类、皂苷类、甾醇类、生物碱类等化学物质,在医学上具有防病、治病的功效。常见的水生药用植物有芡实、鱼腥草、泽泻、菖蒲类、莲、菱、水红花子、荆三棱、蒲黄、泽兰等。
根据《湿地资源二类调查(2011年)》显示重庆具有湿地高等植物707种,隶属于128科368属,其中苔藓植物42种,蕨类植物65种,裸子植物3种,被子植物597种[1]。
三峡库区消落带是三峡水库建成正常运行后,在海拔145~175 m的库区两岸,由于周期性水位变化,形成的特殊湿地。三峡水库运营造成消落带生态环境脆弱,诸如边坡稳定性差、地表植被和土壤结构破坏严重、水土流失加剧、面源污染严重等。……
