不同成分培养基底栖动物生物量及水质评价
2021-03-01朱光艳徐增洪水燕刘国锋
朱光艳 徐增洪 水燕 刘国锋



摘要 為研究底栖动物生长发育情况,采用4种不同成分的培养基对底栖动物的密度及生物量进行分析,同时对水体中营养因子进行研究。结果表明:培养基中底栖动物主要有3种底栖动物,分别为摇蚊幼虫(Chironomid)、水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)与螺狮(Bellamya quadrata)。生长季各培养基中底栖动物密度从大到小依次为糖蜜、腐殖酸、肥料、对照组,底栖动物生物量分别为2.996 6、2.127 2、2.148 9和0.957 6 g/m2。采用理化分析对水体中营养因子进行分析评价,对照组中NO2--N含量最高,为(0.041±0.002)mg/L,对照组中营养物质较少,不适宜底栖动物及水生生物的生长;TN和TP含量分别为(1.455~2.493)和(0.391~0.665)mg/L,培养基中水体不流通造成水体营养化,水丝蚓耐污性极高,底栖动物密度从大到小依次为水丝蚓、摇蚊幼虫、螺狮。对培养基中底栖动物密度与水体营养因子之间以及底栖动物密度之间进行相关性分析,发现不同底栖动物密度之间相关性不明显,水体中营养因子含量与摇蚊幼虫、水丝蚓密度的相关性较大,呈负相关,与螺狮密度的相关性较小,TP含量与底栖动物密度的相关系数大于TN。该研究结果可为日后虾蟹生长提供科学依据。
关键词 培养基;底栖动物;群落结构;水质评价
中图分类号 X174;X824 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)03-0088-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.024
Abstract In order to study the growth and development of benthonic animals,the density and biomass of benthonic animals were analyzed by using four nutrient media with different components,and the nutrient factors in water body were also studied.The results showed that there were three main benthonic species in the culture medium,namely Chironomid larvae,Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Bellamya quadrata.The density order was molasses > humic acid >fertilizer > control group.The biomass was 2.996 6,2.127 2 ,2.148 9 and 0.957 6 g/m2 respectively.Physical and chemical analysis was used to analyze and evaluate the nutrient factors in the water body.The content of NO2-N was the highest in the control group,reaching (0.041±0.002) mg/L.And the nutrient substances in the control group were few,which was not suitable for the growth of benthonic animals and aquatic organisms;TN and TP concentration were (1.455-2.493) and (0.391-0.667) mg/L.No circulation of the water in the medium results in water nutrition,and water silk worms were highly resistant to contamination.The density order of benthonic animals was the water silk worm > midge larva > snail lion.Correlation analysis between the density of benthonic animals in the medium and nutrient factors in water body and between the density of benthonic animals were conducted,there was no significant correlation between different benthonic animals.The nutrient factors in water body had a negative correlation with the density of Chironomid larvae and L. hoffmeisteri and little correlation with the density of B.quadrata.The correlation coefficient between TP and the density of benthonic animals was greater than that with total nitrogen.The research results could provide scientific basis for the growth of shrimp and crabs in the future.
Key words Culture medium;Benthonic animal;Community structure;Water quality evaluation
底栖动物是水生态系统中重要生物群落[1],同时也是水生态系统中重要组成成分[2],是重要的次级生产者[3],对生态系统中物质的循环和能量的流动具有决定性作用[4]。底栖动物可以分解和消耗沉积物中的有机质,调节水-沉积物界面之间交换过程,如吸附、溶解消耗、氧化还原、生物作用等,并可以改善水体质量[5-7]。一般认为水……
