黑麦草修复铀污染土壤的根际效应分析
2021-03-01牛天洋史泽涵陈井影廉欢王奕凯张天然
牛天洋 史泽涵 陈井影 廉欢 王奕凯 张天然



摘要 選取黑麦草作为供试植物,通过模拟根箱栽培试验,探究在不同外源铀下黑麦草修复铀污染土壤的根际效应。研究结果表明:黑麦草植株地上部和根部铀含量直接受外源铀浓度影响,黑麦草地上部分和根部富集系数均大于1,但转运系数均小于1,黑麦草主要将铀富集在根部,同时,土壤铀含量达到一定水平会抑制黑麦草的生长导致其生物量降低。根际土壤与非根际土壤中铀主要以惰性铀的形式存在。随着土壤铀浓度的增加,根际处惰性铀的含量明显低于非根际处,这表明根际土壤对惰性铀具有活化作用,植物根系分泌物促进惰性铀的转化,将惰性铀转化为可被植物吸收的活性铀或潜在活性铀。
关键词 植物修复;黑麦草;铀污染土壤;根际效应
中图分类号 X53 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)03-0069-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.019
Abstract In this thesis,ryegrass was selected as the test plant,and through the simulation of root box cultivation experiment,the rhizosphere effect of ryegrass under different exogenous uranium to repair uraniumcontaminated soil was explored.The results showed that the uranium content in the aerial parts and roots of ryegrass plants was directly affected by the concentration of exogenous uranium.The enrichment coefficients of the upper parts and roots of the ryegrass grassland were both greater than 1,but the transport coefficients were both less than 1.The ryegrass mainly enriched uranium in the roots.At the same time,when the soil uranium content reached a certain level,it would inhibit the growth of ryegrass and caused its biomass to decrease.Uranium in rhizosphere soil and nonrhizosphere soil mainly existed in the form of inert uranium.With the increase of soil uranium concentration,the content of inert uranium in the rhizosphere was significantly lower than that in the nonrhizosphere,which indicated that the rhizosphere soil had an activation effect on inert uranium,and the plant root exudates promoted the conversion of inert uranium,converting inert uranium into active uranium or potentially active uranium that can be absorbed by plants.
Key words Phytoremediation;Ryegrass;Uranium contaminated soil;Rhizosphere effect
核工业的快速发展,导致铀矿资源被过度开采,进而产生了大量含有238U、40K、232Th、226Ra等放射性核素的废水、废石、废渣等放射性废物,这些放射性废物中含有生命周期较长的放射性核素,而目前的技术水平及经济条件无法将放射性核素完全从放射性废物中分离出来[1-2]。
物理法、化学法和生物法是修复含有放射性铀污染土壤的主要方法。早期,我国研究者主要利用物理法和化学法来修复含有放射性铀污染的土壤,比如客土法、离子交换法和氧化还原法等,但由于技术不成熟且成本过高,导致修复土壤的结构及理化性质遭到破坏,造成二次污染。……
