冯庆玲 林继辉 陈小芳

摘要 添加EM菌液对海鲜菇菌糠进行发酵，再用发酵菌糠及河砂、草炭按照不同配比制成复合基质，进行番茄育苗试验。对各组复合基质进行理化性质及番茄幼苗形态指标、理化指标检测。结果表明，最适合番茄幼苗生长的复合基质是菌糠、河沙、草炭占比为55%、30%、15%，该复合基质处理组番茄幼苗长势好，且光合作用强度、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量均与标准育苗基质间差异不显著，有较好的抗逆性，受寒冷天气的影响较轻。

关键词 EM菌;海鲜菇菌糠;番茄;育苗基质

中图分类号 S641.2 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）03-0049-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.014

Abstract The mushroom bran of seafood was fermented by adding EM bacteria liquid，and then the composite substrate was made of fermented mushroom bran，river sand and peat according to different proportions，and tomato seedling experiment was conducted.The physical and chemical properties，morphological and physical and chemical indicators of tomato seedlings were tested for each group of composite substrates.The results showed that the most suitable composite substrate for the growth of tomato seedlings was bacterial bran，river sand，and peat with a proportion of 55%，30%，and 15%.The growth of tomato seedlings in the composite substrate treatment group was good，and there was no significant difference in photosynthetic intensity，chlorophyll content and malondialdehyde content between the treatment group and the standard seedling substrate.It had better stress resistance and was less affected by cold weather.

Key words EM bacteria;Seafood mushroom bran;Tomato;Seedling substrate

海鲜菇学名斑玉蕈，因其具有蟹香味而得名，生产上主要采用锯木屑、甘蔗渣、玉米粉、棉籽壳、秸秆等多种农业副产品为培养原料，其出菇后废弃的下脚料为菌糠。随着海鲜菇栽培规模扩大，废弃海鲜菇菌糠的处理也成了亟待解决的问题。研究表明，食用菌菌糠由于经过多种微生物的发酵作用，纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等均已被不同程度的降解，粗蛋白、粗脂肪均比未发酵前有明显提高，粗纤维素明显降低，并含有较丰富氨基酸、菌类多糖及Fe、Ca、Zn、Mg等微量元素[1]。目前，对于食用菌菌糠资源化利用主要集中于农业方向，例如在转化生物有机肥、无土栽培基质、乙醇、沼气和菌糠饲料等方面有一定的应用[2-3]。很多研究表明，菌糠在有些植物（番茄、黄瓜、棉花等）上的育苗效果比草炭更优，在育苗基质方面，菌糠成为草炭替代物的重要选择之一[4-8]。……