杨文飞 贾艳艳 侍瑞高 文廷刚 顾大路 杜小凤 吴传万 王伟中

摘要 为探究植物生长调节剂“稀施保”对玉米抗倒性和产量等性状的影响，选择玉米品种苏玉29为试验材料，设置67 500、75 000、82 500、90 000株/hm2共4个种植密度，以清水处理为对照，分析大喇叭口后期施稀施保对玉米抗倒伏性和产量构成因素的影响，明确稀施保在玉米上的应用效果。结果表明，随着种植密度的增加，无论是清水处理还是稀施保处理，苏玉29的株高均呈先升高后降低的变化，穗位高、倒伏率、空秆率、秃尖均呈上升趋势，茎粗、穗粒数和千粒重均呈现下降趋势。与清水处理相比，稀施保处理的玉米株高、穗位高均有所降低;各密度下的倒伏率均有所降低，平均倒伏率显著降低。种植密度由 67 500增加到 90 000株/hm2，稀施保处理下苏玉29的理论产量分别较同密度清水处理提高了10.2%、8.5%、6.8%和6.2%，在密度为 90 000株/hm2时达最高值12 689.6 kg/hm2。

关键词 稀施保;玉米;种植密度;倒伏率;产量

中图分类号 S513 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）03-0037-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.010

Abstract Suyu 29 was selected as experimental material to explore the effects of plant growth regulator Xishibao on lodging resistance and yield. Four planting densities of 67 500， 75 000， 82 500 and 90 000 plants /hm2 were set in the experiment， and the water treatment was taken as the control. The effects of Xishibao on lodging resistance and yield components of maize in the later stage of megabell were analyzed. The application effects of Xishibao on maize were clarified. Results showed that with the increase of planting density， the plant height of Suyu 29 increased firstly and then decreased in the treatments of clear water and Xishibao. Ear height， lodging rate， empty stem rate and bald tip showed an upward trend， while stem diameter， grain number per spike and 1 000grain weight showed a downward trend. Compared with the water treatment， the plant height， ear height and the lodging rate of each density under the Xishibao treatments were decreased;the average lodging rate was significantly reduced. The planting density of maize increased from 67 500 to 90 000 plants/hm2， and the theoretical yield increased by 10.2%， 8.5%， 6.8% and 6.2%， respectively， compared with the same density of water treatment， and the highest value reached 12 689.6 kg/hm2 at the density of 90 000 plants /hm2 under the Xishibao treatments.

Key words Xishibao;Maize;Planting density;Lodging rate;Yield

我國是玉米主要生产国之一，进一步提高玉米的产量是科技工作者不断追求的目标，增加种植密度是目前国内外玉米获得高产的主要途径。然而，群体密度增加，植株倒伏风险增大，倒伏已逐渐成为世界范围内限制玉米增产的主要因素之一[1-2]。在玉米主产区黄淮海平原，玉米拔节后，特别在灌浆成熟期间，常因受到暴风雨的袭击而发生倒伏。倒伏已成为中国北方玉米高产、稳产的最大障碍。调查显示，在生产上出现玉米倒伏现象轻者减产5%～10%，重者减产30%～50%[3-5]。……