摘 要：研究18種农药在5种食用菌基质中产生的基质效应。以杏鲍菇、平菇、银耳、香菇、双孢菇为研究对象，分别添加0.05、0.10、0.20 μg· mL-13个浓度水平的18种农药，采用QuEChERS结合HPLC-MS/MS方法进行测定，最终以基质标准点与溶剂标准点峰面积比评估18种农药在5种食用菌中产生的基质效应。结果表明：18种农药在5种基质中主要表现为基质减弱效应，且不同添加水平对农药基质效应强度影响不显著。甲拌磷和辛硫磷在杏鲍菇中的基质效应最为显著，|ME|最高值分别为47.9%和35.81%，多菌灵在杏鲍菇、平菇和银耳中的ME范围在-33.30%～-22.25%，阿维菌素在杏鲍菇和香菇中的ME范围在-28.44%～-20.11%，3羟基克百威和甲拌磷亚砜在香菇中的ME范围分别在-26.82%～-23.90%和-34.37%～-24.28%，灭多威在杏鲍菇中的ME范围在-32.68%～-27.20%，均为中等基质效应。双孢菇中18种农药均表现为弱基质效应。采用HPLC-MS/MS测定杏鲍菇等5种食用菌中阿维菌素等18种农药残留时，除阿维菌素、多菌灵、灭多威、3羟基克百威、甲拌磷亚砜、甲拌磷、辛硫磷外，其余农药可忽略基质效应，仅需配制溶剂标准曲线进行定量。

关键词：基质效应;食用菌;农药残留;高效液相色谱-串联质谱;QuEChERS

中图分类号：S 481.8   文献标志码：A   文章编号：0253-2301（2021）12-0078-07

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.12.013

Determination of Matrix Effects of 18 Pesticides in 5 Edible Fungi by QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS

RUAN Bi-yuan

（Ningde Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Inspection and Testing Center， Ningde， Fujian 352100， China）

Abstract： The matrix effect of 18 pesticides on 5 edible fungi substrates was studied in this paper. By taking pleurotus mushroom， oyster mushroom， tremella， mushroom and double spore mushroom as the research objects， they were added with 18 pesticides at the concentrations of 0.05， 0.10 and 0.20 μg·mL-1， respectively. The methods of QuEChERS combined with HPLC-MS/MS were used for the determination， and finally the matrix effects of 18 pesticides in the five edible fungi were evaluated by the peak area ratio of substrate standard point to solvent standard point. The results showed that the 18 pesticides mainly showed the substrate weakening effect in 5 substrates， and different supplemental levels had no significant effect on the matrix effect intensity of pesticides. The matrix effect of phorate and phoxim in pleurotus mushroom was the most significant， and the maximum value of | ME | was 47.9% and 35.81%， respectively; The ME of carbendazim in pleurotus mushroom， oyster mushroom and tremella ranged from -33.30% to -22.25%; The ME of abamectin in pleurotus mushroom and mushroom ranged from -28.44% to -20.11%; The ME of 3-hydroxycarbofuran and phorate-sulfoxide in mushroom ranged from -26.82% to

-23.90% and -34.37% to -24.28%， respectively; The ME of methomyl in pleurotus mushroom ranged from -32.68% to -27.20%， with medium matrix effect. All of the 18 pesticides in double spore mushroom showed weak matrix effect. When HPLC-MS/MS was used to determine the residues of 18 pesticides in 5 kinds of edible fungi， including pleurotus mushroom， oyster mushroom， tremella， mushroom and double spore mushroom， in addition to abamectin， carbendazim， methomyl， 3-hydroxycarbofuran， phorate-sulfoxide， phorate and phoxim， the matrix effect of other pesticides could be ignored， and only the standard curve of solvent was prepared for quantification.

Key words： Matrix effect; Edible fungi; Pesticide residues; HPLC-MS/MS; QuEChERS

食用菌富含丰富的多糖、氨基酸、蛋白质和矿物元素等对人体有益的营养物质，具有特殊的食用价值和药用价值[1-2]。“十三五”期间，我国食用菌产业生产总值突破了3000亿元，跃居国内农业生产的第5位，成为我国农业经济中的重要组成部分[3-4]。然而，食用菌生产周期短、环境相对封闭，病虫害一直是影响食用菌生产和品质的主要因素[5]。……