赵云青 黄颖桢 刘保财 陈菁瑛 张武君 黄冬寿 陈芬

摘 要：為了筛选适合太子参连作地的土壤改良剂，采用大田试验研究了不同用量生物炭、黄腐酸钾对连作地太子参生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：施用不同量生物炭（3000、5250、7500 kg·hm-2）可提高太子参出苗率21.78%、9.32%、14.65%;施用不同量生物炭对萌芽期太子参植株生长无显著影响，但提高了旺长期单株重及叶绿素含量;生物炭施用量为7500 kg·hm-2时产量增加11.51%，块根多糖含量提高44.44%;生物炭施用量为3000 kg·hm-2时皂苷含量提高23.27%。施用不同量黄腐酸钾（525、1125、1725 kg·hm-2）太子参出苗率降低，但提高了太子参旺长期叶片数及叶片大小;施用不同用量黄腐酸钾（525、1125、1725 kg·hm-2）时太子参产量出现不同程度降低，但其块根多糖含量分别提高

51.20%、37.34%、46.84%，皂苷含量分别提高8.04%、5.72%、14.30%。

关键词：太子参;生物炭;黄腐酸钾;农艺性状;产量;品质

中图分类号：S 567.53   文献标志码：A   文章编号：0253-2301（2021）12-0064-08

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.12.011

Effects of Biochar and Fulvic Acid Potassium on the Growth， Yield and Qualityof Pseudostellaria Heterophylla in the Continuous Cropping Field

ZHAO Yun-qing1，2， HUANG Ying-zhen1，2， LIU Bao-cai1，2， CHEN Jing-ying1，2*，ZHANG Wu-jun1，2， HUANG Dong-shou3， CHEN Fen1，2

（1. Institute of Agricultural Biological Resources， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou， Fujian

350003， China; 2. Research Center of Medicinal Plants， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou，

Fujian 350003， China; 3. Zherong County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Areas， Ningde， Fujian 355300， China）

Abstract： In order to select the soil amendments suitable for the continuous cropping of Pseudostellaria heterophylla， the effects of different amounts of biochar and fulvic acid potassium on the growth， yield and quality of Pseudostellaria heterophylla were studied by the field experiments. The results showed that the application of different amounts of biochar （3000， 5250， and 7500 kg·hm-2） could increase the seedling emergence rates of Pseudostellaria heterophylla by 21.78%， 9.32%， and 14.65%; the application of different amounts of biochar had no significant effects on the plant growth of Pseudostellaria heterophylla at the germination period， but increased the single-plant weight and the content of chlorophyll at the vigorous growing period. When the application rate of biochar was 7500 kg·hm-2， the yield increased by 11.51% and the content of polysaccharides in root tuber increased by 44.44%; when the application rate of biochar was 3000 kg·hm-2， the saponin content increased by 23.27 %. The application of different amounts of fulvic acid potassium（525 kg·hm-2， 1125 kg·hm-2， and 1725 kg·hm-2） decreased the seedling emergence rate of Pseudostellaria heterophylla， but increased the leaf number and leaf size of Pseudostellaria heterophylla at the vigorous growing period. When different amounts of fulvic acid potassium （525 kg·hm-2， 1125 kg·hm-2， and 1725 kg·hm-2） were applied， the yield of Pseudostellaria heterophylla decreased in different levels， but the content of polysaccharides in root tuber increased by 51.20%， 37.34% and 46.84%， respectively， and the saponin content increased by 8.04%， 5.72% and 14.30%， respectively.

Key words： Pseudostellaria heterophylla; Biochar; Fulvic acid potassium; Agronomic traits; Yield; Quality

太子参Pseudostellaria heterophylla（Miq.）Pax，又称孩儿参，为石竹科孩儿参属多年生草本药用植物，其块根为常用补益中药，具有益气、健脾生津、润肺、补肾的功效，为历版药典收载的药材，是中成药健胃消食片等的主要原料，可用于治疗肝炎、糖尿病、冠心病等难治病症[1]，卫生部列入“可用于保健食品的中药材名单”。太子参分布广泛，福建、浙江、江苏、安徽、山东等地都有分布，其中福建、贵州和安徽等栽培面积较大，柘荣县为福建主产区，种植面积和产量居全国之首，素有“中国太子参之乡”的美誉。

目前太子参产业存在种植地连作障碍日益严重，土壤酸化加剧，土壤理化性质恶化等问题[2]，在柘荣县太子参老产区，因土壤问题甚至导致部分地块太子参绝产，这已经严重影响太子参生长发育及品质，制约着太子参产业可持续发展。……