吴洁秋 朱根发 王凤兰 杨凤玺

摘  要：本研究通过解剖形态学观察，并检测主要代谢物质、抗氧化酶活性以及内源激素含量的变化，阐述竹叶兰花器官发育特征及生理特性，为新花卉作物的开发利用提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）广州地区户外栽培条件下，竹叶兰全年可开花，为总状花序，单朵次第开花，整枝花期188 d;（2）根据花器官发育特征分为5个时期：花芽分化期、萼片伸长期、合蕊柱发育期、花瓣着色期及花朵绽放期，单花发育仅需32 d;（3）进入生殖生长后，可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量均显著上升，可溶性糖含量最高，其次为可溶性蛋白;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性呈平稳上升趋势;（4）生长素（IAA）、赤霉素（GA3）含量在营养生长期持续上升，在花芽发育期呈先下降后上升趋势;与之相反，脱落酸（ABA）含量在花芽分化期显著上升，在花芽发育后期下降;推测竹叶兰体内低水平的IAA、GA3和高水平的ABA可能对花芽分化起重要调控作用。

关键词：竹叶兰;花器官发育;营养代谢;抗氧化酶;内源激素

中图分类号：S682.31      文献标识码：A

Abstract： In this study， we observed the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the flower organs and detected the changes of metabolite content， antioxidant enzyme activity， and the content of endogenous hormones （IAA， GA3， and ABA） to explore the physiological and biochemical characteristics of continuous flowering of Arundina graminifolia （D. Don） Hochr.， which could provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of new flower crops. When cultivated under natural conditions in Guangzhou， A. graminifolia could flower throughout the year; with single flower blooms in turn in a long raceme and the flowering period of the whole inflorescence could reach 188 days. According to the characteristics， the floral organ development could be divided into five periods： flower bud differentiation， sepal growth， pillar development， flower dyeing and flower opening. This process took about 32 days. After entering the reproductive growth， the soluble sugar， starch， and soluble protein contents increased significantly， with the highest content of soluble sugar， followed by soluble protein. SOD， POD and CAT activities showed a steady upward trend. The content of IAA and GA3 increased continuously in vegetative growth period， and decreased first and then increased in flower bud development period. In contrast， ABA content increased significantly at the flower bud differentiation stage and decreased at the later stage of flower development. It was speculated that low level of IAA， GA3 and high level of ABA might play an important role in regulating flower bud differentiation.

Keywords： Arundina graminifolia; flower organ development characteristics; nutrient metabolism; antioxidant enzyme; endogenous hormone

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.01.020

兰科植物（Orchidaceae）又称兰花，是被子植物中的最大科，全世界约有738属28 000种[1-2]。《中國植物志》（1999年版）记载的中国兰花约有171属1247个原生种，分布于热带、亚热带及温带地区，按生境的不同分为地生兰、附生兰和腐生兰，少数为攀援藤本。兰花是被子植物中进化水平最高的类群之一[3]，长期以来作为生态进化研究的理想材料，同时也是全球重要的商品花卉。开花特性一直是兰科花卉研究的热点，但不同兰花种类的生态习性和开花特性存在显著差异，大多需要适宜的环境条件才能正常开花，造成商品兰花成本增加且难以实现周年生产和应节、应季开花。……