李洁 刘贝宁 赵超逸 江民超 刘建福

摘  要：以“铁观音”和“本山”乌龙茶品种为研究对象，开展专用配方氨基酸叶面肥对乌龙茶树的萌芽和产量、叶片形态特征、生理特性及品质成分的影响。结果显示：“铁观音”和“本山”茶树喷施专用配方氨基酸叶面肥，萌芽期可提早5～6 d，叶面积、叶片厚度和气孔密度均显著提高，鲜叶产量提高22.87%～35.68%，总叶绿素含量、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量均明显高于对照，茶的氨基酸含量显著高于对照，且1.5 g/L专用配方氨基酸叶面肥处理达到最大值。表明专用配方氨基酸叶面肥可促进“铁观音”和“本山”乌龙茶树的生长，提高叶片光合产物和品质成分含量。

关键词：氨基酸;叶面肥;乌龙茶;生理特性;品质成分

中图分类号：S571.1      文献标识码：A

Abstract： The study was aimed to explore the role of special formula amino acids in the high yield and quality of Oolong Tea， thus providing a theoretical basis for the efficient cultivation of Oolong tea. The composition and proportion of amino acids in the fresh leaves of Oolong tea in Fujian Province were analyzed， and seven kinds of amino acids were selected to prepare the special formula amino acid foliar fertilizer. The effects of different concentrations of amino acids on the germination and yield， leaf morphological characteristics， physiological characteristics and quality components of Oolong tea were analyzed. Spraying formula amino acid could advance the germination period of Oolong tea by 5–6 days， increase fresh leaf yield by 22.87%–35.68%. Leaf area， leaf thickness and stomatal density were significantly increased， total chlorophyll content， soluble sugar and protein content were significantly higher than those of the control， theanine content was significantly higher than that of the control， and the maximum value reached in the 1.5 g/L treatment group. Therefore， formula amino acids could promote the growth of “Tieguanyin” and “Benshan” tea plants， and increase the content of photosynthate and quality components in Oolong tea.

Keywords： amino acid; foliar fertilizer; Oolong tea; physiological characteristics; quality components

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.01.018

福建省的自然环境条件适宜乌龙茶的规模化生产，乌龙茶也成为福建省支柱产业[1]。随着消费者对乌龙茶品质的要求不断提高，乌龙茶产业要增强市场竞争力，就得提高茶叶品质;茶鲜叶中茶多酚、茶氨酸、咖啡碱等化学成分是茶叶品质的物质基础，也是衡量茶叶品质的具体评价指标[2-3]。叶面追肥具有见效快、作用强、利用率高、施用简便、增产增效明显的特点[4-5]。氨基酸叶面肥富含多种氨基酸，在提高作物產量和品质，增强作物抗性的同时，又能够改善生态环境[6]。在农业生产中，通过叶面施肥补充根际施肥的不足，为植物提供更全面的营养，从而实现作物优质高产。

氨基酸叶面肥应用于茶树，可经叶面直接吸收进入体内，参与茶树氨基酸代谢，满足茶树生长的需要，对茶叶高产优质具有积极意义[7-10]。……