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航班受GPS干扰导致ADS-B地面站输出位置异常现象研究

2021-02-19易振宁

现代信息科技 2021年13期

摘  要:ADS-B系统因其具有建设和维护成本低,定位精度高,数据更新率高等优点而在民航监视领域中大放异彩,其安全运行已经成为影响中国民航活动正常开展的重要因素。但ADS-B地面站设备和机载设备易受电磁干扰,且自从ADS-B信号正式接入自动化系统提供监视服务后,ADS-B设备受到干扰事件屡见不鲜。文章通过研究航班受GPS干扰导致ADS-B地面站输出位置异常现象,总结了相应类似异常事件的处理经验。

关键词:ADS-B;GPS干扰;自动化系統;偏航

中图分类号:TN929.5;V355.1   文献标识码:A文章编号:2096-4706(2021)13-0045-06

Study on the Phenomenon of Abnormal Output Position of ADS-B Ground Station Because of the Flight is Being Disturbed by GPS

YI Zhenning

(Guilin Air Traffic Management Station of Civil Aviation of China, Guilin  541106, China)

Abstract: ADS-B system shines brightly in the field of civil aviation monitoring because of its advantages of low construction and maintenance cost, high positioning accuracy and high data update rate. Its safety operation has become an important factor affecting the normal development of civil aviation activities in China. However, ADS-B ground station equipments and airborne equipments are vulnerable to electromagnetic interference. Since ADS-B signal is officially connected to automation system to provide monitoring service, ADS-B equipment is frequently disturbed. By studying the phenomenon of abnormal output position of ADS-B ground station because of the flight is being disturbed by GPS, this paper summarizes the handling experience of corresponding similar abnormal events.

Keywords: ADS-B; GPS interference; automation system; yawing

0  引  言

广播式自动相关监视(Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast, ADS-B)系统由于其建设成本低(地面站成本约为传统二次雷达的九分之一),维护成本低,使用寿命长,定位精度高(可达10 m量级),数据更新周期快(1秒1次)等优点,已经逐渐在民航监视领域中占据重要地位。我国把加快完善ADS-B建设纳入民航发展“十三五”规划实施工作中,在“十三五”末期,全国所有航路、终端区及机场几乎都已具备ADS-B运行能力[1]。

在2020年中,中国民航已全面启动全国ADS-B管制运行,ADS-B信号正式接入到自动化系统中,为管制及其他用户提供监视服务。而在中、长期发展计划中,我国已确立ADS-B技术作为中国民航主要的监视手段。因此,ADS-B设备的安全运行已经成为影响中国民航活动正常开展的重要因素。

而近年来,随着ADS-B设备的大面积铺设,ADS-B地面设备和机载设备易受干扰的缺点也渐渐凸显出来,各地ADS-B设备受到电磁干扰、人为模拟假目标干扰、GPS干扰等报告屡现不穷,对各地民航空中交通管理部门技术保障部门的技术保障能力提出了更高的要求。……

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