黄子峻 肖以华 佟富春

摘要：为保护迁徙鸟类保护提供依据，于2020年采用样线法、样点法并结合文献和网络数据，对汕尾市的鸟类多样性进行调查。共记录到鸟类18目67科172属335种，其中国家Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类分别为8种和48种。区系以东洋界为主，共138种;古北界次之，有126种。居留型以留鸟为主共156种，冬候鸟116种。鸟类优势种22种，常见种35种，少见种81种，罕见种197种。调查区域按G-F指数从大到小依次为海丰县（0.83）、陆河县（0.82）、陆丰市（0.77）、城区（0.68）。结果显示，汕尾市是黄胸鹀Emberiza aureola和黑脸琵鹭Platalea minor等濒危鸟类的重要栖息地，应加强对鸟类及其栖息地的保护。

关键词：鸟类多样性;保护;G-F指数;汕尾市

中图分类号：S718

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1671-2641（2021）06-0063-05

收稿日期：2021-05-18

修回日期：2021-05-27

Abstract： In order to provide reference data for the protection of migratory birds， in 2020， the diversity of Shanwei City was investigated by using the method of line transects and point count， combined with literature and internet data. The results showed that a total of 335 species were recorded， belonging to 18 orders， 67 family， 172 genus. Among these， 8 species were listed in the first category and 48 species in the second category of the Lists of Wildlife under Special State Protection in China. The fauna was dominated by the oriental bird， with 138 species， and 126 species were palaearctic bird. The resident bird had the advantage， with 156 species， and 116 species were winter bird. Among the 335 species， 22 were dominant species， 35 were common， 81 were unusual， 197 were rare. The survey regions of Shanwei City in descending order of G-F index is Haifeng County（0.83）， Luhe County（0.82）， Lufeng City（0.77）， and Urban Area（0.68）. The results showed that Shanwei City was a habitat for the endangered birds such as Emberiza aureola and Platalea mino. Shanwei City should strengthen the conservation of birds and their habitats.

Key words： Birds diversity; Conservation; G-F index; Shanwei City

广东省共记录到野生鸟类555种，留鸟共150种，迁徙鸟类共277种。迁徙鸟类中的黑脸琵鹭Platalea minor被列入全球濒危鸟类，广东省有其两个重要的越冬地，即深圳和汕尾市海丰县[1]。汕尾市地处中国大陆东南岸，位于我国鸟类东部迁徙路线上，这条路线是我国鸟类最重要的迁徙路线，也是“东亚-澳大利西亚”迁徙路线的组成部分之一，是我国候鸟的重要交汇点和停歇点之一[2]。因此本研究通过对汕尾市4个区域的鸟类多样性进行全面调查，完善对汕尾市鸟类多样性的研究，为国内珍稀水鸟和候鸟的保护提供基础资料，为该地区鸟类多样性保护和城市建设提供参考资料。

1研究地概况

汕尾市位于广东省东南部的沿海地区（114°54′～

116°13′E，20°27′～23°28′N），气候属于南亚热带季风型气候，光照充足，雨量充沛，年平均降雨量为1 900～