西汉梁孝王东苑景观研究
2021-02-18侯颖赵瑶瑶
侯颖 赵瑶瑶
摘要:梁孝王营建的东苑是西汉时期最具代表的私家园林。因园主的身份和地位,其也是当时唯一可以与皇家园林上林苑相媲美的诸侯苑囿。对历史辞赋、现存遗迹、文献记载和前人的研究进行综述,结果表明,东苑中运用了“苑中苑”的造园手法,土石并用、叠石造山;引水为池、师法自然,个中建设无不精巧,且初现了园林的诗画意境;其中植物种植搭配收四时之烂漫,动物种类繁多纳四海之惊奇,美学与实用并重。
关键词:西汉;梁孝王;东苑;苑中有苑;叠石造山;山水园林
中图分类号:TU986
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1671-2641(2021)06-0037-04
收稿日期:2021-02-04
修回日期:2021-06-11
Abstract: The Eastern Garden built by Prince Liang Xiao was the most representative private garden in the Western Han Dynasty. As the special status of garden owner, the Eastern Garden was the only prince’s palace that can be comparable to the Shanglinyuan in the imperial garden. This article summarizes the research of historical vocabulary, existing relics, documents and predecessors, and the results show that one of the most notable characteristics of gardening techniques is garden in garden. Piling up rocks and hills with soil and rocks, combination of stone and water were all constructed with exquisite skills. And the artistic conception of painting and poetry of the garden had initially appeared. Planting layouts displayed the brilliance of four seasons and the variety of animals was amazing, laying equal stress on aesthetics and practicality.
Key words: Western Han Dynasty; Prince Liang Xiao; Eastern Garden; Garden in the garden; Piling up rocks and hills; Garden with hills and waters
秦汉时期的园林在中国园林发展史中具有承前启后的作用,园林艺术经历了群雄割据混战的春秋战国时期,随着秦汉时期大一统帝国的社会政治经济等变革,得到了进一步的发展。秦汉时期,皇家园林营建出现了高潮,同时私家园林也开始出现,但此时的私家园林营建大多数是仿照皇家园林,并没有明显区别于皇家园林的特点[1]。西汉时期梁国诸侯王梁孝王刘武于睢阳(今河南商丘)营建的东苑,是已知史料中记载的最早出现的私家园林。东苑,史称梁苑,别称兔园,后人也称梁园,为秦汉时期私家园林之典范,也是历史上见于文字记载的山、石并用营造假山之首例[1],在中国古典园林史上具有一定的历史地位。所以,东苑的研究对西汉时期皇家园林的研究也具有一定的价值。
居于东苑的文人墨客留下了许多描述其景物的辞赋,为后世研究东苑园林艺术留下了史料依据。……
