云南省马铃薯引种史、传播路线及其影响
2021-01-18祝菊澧李灿辉周润耿燕卢朝艳唐唯朱寿清
祝菊澧 李灿辉 周润 耿燕 卢朝艳 唐唯 朱寿清
摘要:马铃薯是外来作物,其引入和传播在解决云南明清时期以来的社会、经济、文化和宗教问题上具有重要作用。通过考据发现,马铃薯传入中国和云南省的时间及主要路线,以及传入后在云南的传播路线。传入和传播路线主要为;(1)1615年后由印度经印—缅—滇通道传入滇西,并广泛种植于迪庆、丽江、大理和怒江州,此细胞质类型为W/α型;(2)1788年后经四川凉山州传入楚雄永仁,后在滇西各州及滇中广泛传播,此为W/α型;(3)1843年左右经贵州进入昭通,在滇东北及黔西南大面积种植,此为T/β型。马铃薯的传入及传播深远的影响了几百年来云南的农业结构、移民、矿产开发、少数民族迁徙及宗教信仰,其本土化也加快了主粮化进程并提供了科学育种的新思路。
关键词:云南省;马铃薯;引种;传播;影响
中图分类号:S-09,K207文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas20191100271
The Introduction History, Spreading Routes and Influence of Potato in Yunnan
Zhu Juli1,2,3, Li Canhui1,2,3, Zhou Run1, Geng Yan1, Lu Chaoyan1, Tang Wei1,2,3, Zhu Shouqing4(1School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; 2Joint Academy of Potato Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; 3Key Laboratory for Potato Biology of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; 4School of History and Administration, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China;)
Abstract: Potato is a foreign crop, and its introduction and spread in Yunnan played an important role in solving social, economic, cultural and religious problems since the Ming and Qing Dynasty. After textual criticism, this paper discussed the time and main routes of potato introduction to China and Yunnan Province and the spreading routes in Yunnan. The main routes of introduction and spread were verified as below: (1) after 1615, potato was introduced into western Yunnan from northeastern India via the India- MyanmarYunnan Corridor and widely planted in Diqing, Lijiang, Dali and Nujiang, the cytoplasmic type was W/α; (2) after 1788, potato was introduced into Yongren, Chuxiong from Liangshan, Sichuan, and then widely spread in western and central Yunnan, these varieties representing W/αcytoplasmic type; (3) around the year of 1843, potato entered Zhaotong through southeastern Guizhou, widely planted in northeastern Yunnan and southwestern Guizhou with T/βcytoplasmic type. The introduction and spread of potato had a profound impact on the agricultural structure, population migration, mineral development, minority customs and religious beliefs in Yunnan for hundreds of years. Its localization had also accelerated the process of staple food grain production and provided new methods for scientific breeding.
Keywords:Yunnan Province; Potato; Introduction; Spread; Impact
0引言
在中國,马铃薯有很多称呼,除了“土豆”以外,还有“山药”、“洋芋”、“地蛋”、“荷兰薯”、“番仔薯”等。西北和西南山区有直接以马铃薯当主食的习惯,而在中国大部分地区,马铃薯是作为一种菜来进行食用。马铃薯生产节水、节地、“双减”效果好,可作为农业结构调整的主要替代作物,缓解中国水土资源严重短缺、极大减轻生态环境压力。马铃薯营养丰富全面,低脂肪高蛋白质。由于易深加工,因此有利于国家粮食贮备。在西方国家,马铃薯常被叫做“地豆”、“地苹果”、“爱尔兰豆薯”等,作为公认的营养食品,早已成为主粮。……
