夏荣帅 夏贤仁 张晓龙 张军刚 周玉思 杨森

摘要：为筛选出适宜宣威西部烟区种植的优质烤烟品种，于2019年采用田间对比试验，研究10个烤烟品种的农艺性状、主要病害发生率、经济性状以及初烤烟叶的含梗率、化学成分和感官质量等方面的差异性。结果表明，‘云烟105’、‘中川208’等烤烟品种的大田长势表现较好，病害发生率低，4种主要病害发病率均低于2.34%，其中黑胫病的发病率均低于0.93%，发病率较其他品种低；‘云烟105’、‘中川208’和‘云烟97’以单位产值为主的经济性状较优，产值均大于71711.70元/hm2，生态适应性较好。同时‘云烟105’的平均含梗率相对较低（35.98%）、化学成分和感官质量平均综合分值较高，分别为0.63和0.58，市场适应性较好。‘云烟100’、‘云烟87’等烤烟品种整体表现中等，可作为储备品种加以研究。‘云烟121’、‘云烟123’和‘云烟116’等烤烟品种整体表现较差，不适合在该区域种植和推广。

关键词：烤烟；品种；宣威；烟叶；适应性

中图分类号：S572文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2021-0009

The Adaptability of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in the Western Tobacco Area of Xuanwei

Xia Rongshuai1， Xia Xianren1， Zhang Xiaolong2， Zhang Jungang1， Zhou Yusi1， Yang Sen1， Liu Guangwei1， Yang Meili1， Qian Jin1， Pan Yihong2，3， Wang Quanzhen1

（1Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company， Qujing 655000， Yunnan， China； 2Yunnan Woojia Biotechnology Company Limited， Kunming 650106， Yunnan， China； 3College of Chemical Engineering， Southwest Forestry University， Kunming 650224， Yunnan， China）

Abstract： To screen out high-quality varieties of flue-cured tobacco suitable for planting in the western tobacco area of Xuanwei City， a field comparative experiment was conducted to study the differences of agronomic characters， incidence of major diseases， economic benefit， stem percentage， chemical composition and sensory quality of ten flue-cured tobacco varieties in 2019. The results showed that the field growth performance of flue-cured tobacco varieties such as‘Yunyan 105’and‘Zhongchuan 208’was relatively good， and the incidence of four main diseases were all lower than 2.34% for the two varieties， among which the incidence rate of black shin was lower than 0.93% ， lower than that of other varieties.‘Yunyan 105’，‘Zhongchuan 208’and‘Yunyan 97’had good economic characters based on unit output value， with the output value of more than 71711.70 yuan per hectare， and the ecological adaptability was relatively good. At the same time，‘Yunyan 105’had a relatively low average stem percentage （35.98%） and a relatively high average comprehensive score of chemical composition and sensory quality （0.63 and 0.58， respectively）， indicating its good market adaptability. While the overall performance of flue-cured tobacco varieties including‘Yunyan 121’，‘Yunyan 123’and‘Yunyan 116’was poor， which were not suitable for planting and promotion in the western tobacco area of Xuanwei City.

Keywords： Flue-cured Tobacco； Variety； Xuanwei； Tobacco Leaf； Adaptability 0引言

優良的烤烟品种是生产优质烟叶原料的基础，烤烟生长环境以及生产技术均要通过烤烟品种才能影响烟叶的产质量[1]。相关研究表明，烤烟品种具有较为稳定的遗传特性，对烟叶品质的影响达到60%以上，对产量的影响为20%～35%[2-3]。生态环境决定烟叶质量特色，烤烟品种彰显烟叶质量特色[4]，如果烤烟品种不能适宜当地生态环境，会造成“良种不良”的结果。大量的研究报道，不同的生态环境条件对烟叶产质量具有较大影响[5-7]，因此，只有烤烟种植区域特定的生态环境与适宜的烤烟品种有机结合，才能最大程度发挥出烤烟品种的品质和经济效益[8-11]。……