刘海荣 张春锋 史滟滪 孙毓蔓 齐立海 刘培辉

摘    要：隨着面源污染的加重及乡村振兴战略的提出，人们更加重视农村的生态环境建设。植物是环境生态效益发挥的主要影响因素，在农村生态环境建设过程中，植物种类应用的选择显得尤为重要。本研究以农村坑塘沟渠常见的3种优势适生植物香蒲（Typha orientalis）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）、水蓼（Polygonum hydropiper）为研究对象，通过3种植物总氮、总磷富集能力的比较研究，为坑塘沟渠绿化植物选择提供参考。试验结果表明：单位土地面积内3种植物富集总磷的能力为香蒲>水蓼>芦苇，富集总磷的量分别为2.90，2.31，0.52 g·m-2;单位土地面积内3种植物富集总氮的能力为香蒲>水蓼>芦苇，富集总氮的量分别为11.82，8.13，4.17 g·m-2。在开展农村生态环境建设改造时，可根据该研究结果和坑塘沟渠现状特点，选择合适的植物。若想降低坑塘沟渠土壤总磷和总氮含量，可优先选用香蒲作为主要绿化植物。

关键词：坑塘沟渠;优势植物;生态效益

中图分类号：S633.4         文献标识码：A          DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.12.013

Comparative Study on Ecological Benefits of Three Dominant Plants in Rural Pits， Ponds and Ditches

LIU Hairong1， ZHANG Chunfeng2， SHI Yanyu1， SUN Yuman1， QI Lihai2， LIU Peihui3

（1. College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture，Tianjin Architectur College， Tianjin 300392，China; 2. Tianjin Customs District P.R.CHINA，Tianjin 300341，China; 3. Tianjin Garden Construction Engineering Supervision Co.Ltd， Tianjin 300384，China; 4. Tianjin Huicheng Landscaping Engineering Co. Ltd， Tianjin 300384，China）

Abstract： With the aggravation of non-point source pollution and the proposal of Rural Revitalization Strategy， people pay more attention to the construction of rural ecological environment. Plants are the main influencing factors of environmental and ecological benefits. In the process of rural ecological environment construction， the selection of plant species is particularly important. In this study， three dominant suitable plants， Typha orientalis， Phragmites australis and Polygonum hydropiper， which were common in rural pits， ponds and canals， were taken as the research objects. Through the comparative study of the enrichment capacity of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the three plants， it provided a reference for the selection of greening plants in pits， ponds and canals. The results showed that the enrichment capacity of total phosphorus of the three plants in unit land area was Typha orientalis>Polygonum hydropiper>Phragmites australis， and the enrichment amounts of total phosphorus were 2.90， 2.31 and 0.52 g·m-2 respectively. The total nitrogen enrichment capacity of the three plants in unit land area was Typha orientalis>Polygonum hydropiper>Phragmites australis. The total nitrogen enrichment amounts were Typhao rientalis 11.82， 8.13， 4.17 g·m-2 respectively. When carrying out the construction and transformation of rural ecological environment， appropriate plants can be selected according to the research results and the current characteristics of pits， ponds and ditches. If you want to reduce the content of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in pit， pond and ditch soil， Typha orientalis can be preferred as the main greening plant.

Key words： ponds and ditches; dominant plants; ecological benefits

收稿日期：2021-06-27

基金项目：天津农学院科学研究发展基金计划项目（20190102）;天津市科技计划项目（20YDTPJC01910）;天津市科技计划项目（20YDTPJC00590）

作者简介：刘海荣（1982—），女，黑龙江齐齐哈尔人，讲师，主要从事园林植物应用方面研究。

农田周围的坑塘沟渠是农田重要的灌排水设施，其作为河流入水与农田排水的“源与库”，是联系农田和河湖的纽带[1]。坑塘沟渠及其植物分布广、面积大，在涵养水源、固碳释氧降温增湿、净化大气环境、消除农业面源污染等方面具有显著的生态价值[2-4]，是农业环境污染治理常用的生态技术措施之一[5]。……