程滨 赵瑞芬 滑小赞 王森 王钊

摘    要：果园绿肥是一种培肥地力、改善果园生态环境的土壤管理技术，可促进果园健康发展。果园绿肥可以调节土壤含水量，提高土壤对温度的缓冲力，降低土壤容重，提高土壤水稳性团聚体含量;增加土壤碳、氮、磷储量;提高土壤酶活性、微生物活性及数量等。本文从果园土壤理化性质，土壤酶活性和土壤微生物3个方面综述了果园覆盖绿肥对土壤生境的影响，并展望果园绿肥的未来研究方向，旨在为绿肥在果园培肥中的运用提供理论支撑。

关键词：果园绿肥;物化性质;土壤酶活性;微生物

中图分类号：S34           文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.12.011

Research Progress of Green Manure Mulching between Rows of Orchard on Soil Habitat Regulation

CHENG Bin， ZHAO Ruifen， HUA Xiaozan， WANG Sen， WANG Zhao

（College of Resources and Environment/ Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources Key Environment Department of Shanxi Province， Shanxi Agricultural University， Taiyuan， Shanxi 030031）

Abstract： Including green manure crop in orchardis a soil management technique to improve soil fertility and ecological environment of orchard， which can promote the healthy development of orchard. Including green manure crop in orchard can adjust soil water content， improve soil buffering capacity to temperature， reduce soil bulk density， increase soil water-stable aggregate content， and increase soil carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus storage， and improve soil enzyme activity， microbial activity and quantity. In this paper， the effects of including green manure crop in orchard on soil environment were reviewed from the aspects of soil physiochemical properties， soil enzyme activity and soil microorganism.At last， outlooks of the study on green manure crop growing in orchard were pointed in orderto provide the oretical support for the application of green manure in orchard fertilization.

Key words： orchard green manure; physiochemical properties; soil enzyme activity; microorganism

收稿日期：2021-09-13

基金项目：山西省重点研发计划项目（201803D221003-5）;山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题（YCX2018417）

作者简介：程滨（1963—），女，山西汾阳人，研究员，本科，主要从事植物营养与土壤污染修复研究。

果园绿肥是指在果树行间或全园种植草本植物用作肥料的一種果园土壤管理方式。绿肥是用绿色植物体制成的肥料，是一种富含有机质、氮磷钾及微量元素的完全天然肥料，在我国传统农业中具有重要的发展意义[1-2]。目前，我国大部分果园存在有机质水平低，树势弱、产量较低及品质差等问题;而绿肥作物株丛密集，枝叶繁茂，根系可以向深层次延伸，疏松土壤，增加土壤的通透性，进而改善土壤物理性状，促进土壤微生物活动，提高土壤酶活性;茂盛的茎叶覆盖地面可防止水土流失，提高土壤的保水保肥能力。……