丛桂芝 王瑾 陈淑英 石游 陶俊 阿布地萨拉木·艾尼外尔 许正

摘要：为进一步探究树上干杏亲缘关系，本研究利用SSR分子标记引物技术，通过PCR扩增及非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，对树上干杏等9个杏品种（类型）的18对SSR多态性引物进行鉴定，获得DNA指纹图谱，从DNA水平鉴定伊犁树上干杏品种与其他杏品种（类型）之间的亲缘关系远近。对各杏品种（类型）间亲缘关系进行聚类分析，结果表明：杏1（树上干杏1号）和杏2（树上干杏2号）2个品种差异较大，杏4（树上干杏4号）与杏1（树上干杏1号）为同一类。与杏1（树上干杏1号）亲缘关系由近及远依次为巩留野杏、珍珠油杏、第四师61团古杏，其遗传相似性系数范围为0.673～0.808。杏3（树上干杏3号）与杏2（树上干杏2号）为同一类，与李光杏亲缘关系较近，其遗传相似性系数范围为0.654～0.846。霍城野杏与树上干杏亲缘关系较远。

关键词：树上干杏；SSR分子标记；DNA指纹图谱；聚类分析；亲缘关系

中图分类号：S662.2文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20191100269

The Fingerprint Structure and Genetic Relationship of Shushanggan Apricot： A Preliminary Study

Cong Guizhi， Wang Jin， Chen Shuying， Shi You， Tao Jun， Abudusalamu Ainiwaier， Xu Zheng

（Ili Academy of Forestry Sciences， Ili 835000， Xinjiang， China）

Abstract： To explore the genetic relationship of Shushanggan apricot， SSR molecular marker technology was used by PCR amplification and a modified polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis， 18 pairs of SSR polymorphism primers were identified in nine varieties （types） of Shushanggan apricot and other apricots， to get the DNA fingerprint. The genetic relationship between Shushanggan apricot and other apricot varieties （types） were identified from different DNA levels. The genetic relationship of apricot varieties （types） were analyzed by clustering. The results showed that Shushanggan apricot had two different varieties， namely Shushanggan apricot No.1 and Shushanggan apricot No.2. Shushanggan apricot No.4 and Shushanggan apricot No.1 were the same type. The close genetic relationship to Shushanggan apricot No.1 was Gongliu wild apricot>pearl oil apricot>Disishi 61 Tuan ancient apricot， the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.673 to 0.808. Shushanggan apricot No.3 and Shushanggan apricot No.2 were the same type， and they were closely related to Liguang apricot， the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.654 to 0.846. Huocheng wild apricot was far related to Shushanggan apricot.

Keywords： Shushanggan Apricot； SSR Molecular Marker； DNA Fingerprint； Cluster Analysis； Genetic Relationship

0引言

遺传多样性是物种适应自然和进化的基本特征，它源于不同的核酸序列和基因突变。天然树木躯体的遗传多样性程度受遗传漂变、迁移、突变和选择等综合因素的影响，其基因频率会在一定的水平上波动，反映在核酸水平上会呈现出特定DNA片段的多态性[1-2]。因此，利用分子标记技术对遗传多样性进行快速检测，可以免受环境、组织特异性和发育阶段的影响[3]。

在种质资源研究领域中分子标记主要应用在2个方面。首先是指纹图谱的构建，用于种质资源的鉴定；……