王萌 刘涛 陈天金 郑床木

摘要：为分析农业领域科技创新进展，以2001—2018年获得国家科技奖励的农业成果为资料，采用科学计量学、因素比较法等进行研究。结果表明，科技进步奖数量占比超过80%，自然科学奖和技术发明奖逐年增加；成果覆盖了13个一级学科，作物学科获奖数量占比23.25%，具有明显优势。第一完成单位中央科研机构和高等院校占比72.88%，企业仍未成为技术创新的主体。中青年群体和中年群体获奖占比达63.16%，45岁以下仅17.74%，仍需完善奖励制度设计，激励和支持青年人才开展创新研究。

关键词：农业；科技奖励；成果培育；创新；科学计量；科研进展

中图分类号：G311文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20200200021

基金项目：中国农业科学院基本科研业务费项目“农产品质量安全学科发展战略研究”（Y2020ZK27）。

Analysis of the National Science and Technology Awards in the Field of Agriculture in 2001-2018

Wang Meng1， Liu Tao1， Chen Tianjin2， Zheng Chuangmu3

（1Department of Science and Technology Administration， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China； 2Department of International Cooperation， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China； 3Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-products， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China）

Abstract： The paper aims to analyze the progress of agricultural science and technology innovation， adopting the scientometrics method based on the National Science and Technology Awards in the field of agriculture in 2001-2018. The result showed that the number of the Science and Technology Progress Awards accounted for more than 80% of the total number of awards， and the number of the Natural Science Awards and the Technology Innovation Awards increased on a yearly basis. The awards covered 13 first-class disciplines， and the number of awards related to crop science accounted for a predominant percentage of 23.25% of the total number of awards. With regard to the first authorship， the research organizations at the national level and colleges and universities accounted for 72.88% of all awards， and enterprises were still far from becoming the main body of technology innovation. Young and middle-aged groups won 63.16% of the awards， and only 17.74% of the awards were won by group under the age of 45. The study shows that greater incentives are still needed to encourage and support young talents to carry out innovative research.

Keywords：Agriculture；ScienceandTechnologyAwards；AchievementCultivation；Innovation； Scientometrics； Scientific Research Progress

0引言

國家科技奖励制度是国内科技管理的重要制度之一，对营造创新氛围、引导重大科研成果产出、推动支撑经济社会发展等产生了显著的作用[1-3]。自新中国成立以来，根据形势需要，奖励制度经历了多次调整与完善[4-5]。1999年国务院颁布了《国家科学技术奖励条例》，奖励种类、等级及数量均相对固定，标志着国家科技奖励进入了稳定发展阶段[6-7]。农业科技成果是国家科技奖励的重要组成部分，先后授予了袁隆平、李振声等农业科技工作者最高科学技术奖，杂交水稻、矮败小麦、转基因抗虫棉、禽流感疫苗[8-10]等一大批涉及粮食安全及公共卫生的科技成果获奖。农业科技进步对农业增长的贡献率由2000年的34.51%[11]上升到2018年的58.3%[12]，已成为国内农业持续发展的主要推动因素。……