大豆低温冷害研究进展及防控技术
2021-01-16盖志佳刘婧琦蔡丽君杜佳兴谷维张敬涛吴俊江
盖志佳 刘婧琦 蔡丽君 杜佳兴 谷维 张敬涛 吴俊江
摘要:黑龙江省是中国大豆主产区。近年来,低温冷害频发且无法预测,不利于大豆稳产,严重限制了大豆产量的提高和大豆产业持续稳定发展。本研究介绍了大豆冷害研究进展,从合理轮作、耐低温品种选择、种子精选与处理、适期播种、合理中耕、平衡施肥以及适时化控等方面详细介绍了大豆冷害防控的具体措施与方法,旨在为大豆稳产及抗低温冷害提供技术支撑。
关键词:大豆;萌发期;苗期;低温;冷害;防控;栽培措施
中图分类号:S-1文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas20191000248
基金项目:黑龙江省“头雁”团队“作物栽培技术创新研究团队”;黑龙江省博士后基金(LBH-Z18268);黑龙江省现代农业产业技术协同创新推广体系项目大豆高产栽培岗位;国家大豆产业技术体系佳木斯综合试验站。
Cold Damage to Soybean and Its Prevention and Control Measures: Research Progress
Gai Zhijia1,2, Liu Jingqi2, Cai Lijun2, Du Jiaxing2, Gu Wei3, Zhang Jingtao1,2, Wu Junjiang4
(1Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China; 2Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China; 3Crop Protection Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China; 4Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China)
Abstract: Heilongjiang Province is the main soybean production area in China. In recent years, low temperature damage has frequently occurred and could not be predicted, which is not conducive to the stable production of soybean and severely restrict the sustainable development of soybean industry. This paper introduces the research progress of cold damage on soybean production and measures of preventing and controlling the damage, including reasonable rotation, variety selection, seed selection and processing, suitable date of planting, reasonable cultivation, balanced fertilization and proper chemical regulation and control. The objective of the study is to provide technical support for stable soybean production and prevention and control of cold damage.
Keywords: Soybean; Germination Stage; Seedling Stage; Low Temperature; Cold Damage; Prevention and Control; Cultivation Measures
0引言
大豆是人類优质蛋白、畜牧业饲料蛋白以及食用油的重要来源,为人类提供约44%的蛋白质和27%的食用油。1995年以后,随着对大豆的刚性消费需求快速增加,中国由大豆净进口国变为净出口国。据海关总署最新统计,仅2017年就进口大豆约9554万t,已跃居世界最大的大豆进口国。进口主要来源国为阿根廷、美国和巴西,分别约占中国进口总量的7%、34%和53%,国产大豆需求对外国依存度高达87%,已严重威胁中国肉禽蛋奶和粮油等食品安全。为此,提高中国大豆生产力关系到国计民生和国家农业持续发展,是国家重大战略需求。在提高黑龙江省大豆生产力的栽培措施中,应对解决低温冷害问题是关键之一。……
